How LONG does it take to WAKE UP after an induced coma? Without you, I would lose my mind. My father has been weaned off the ventilator in Intensive Care and still has the Tracheostomy in. Thank you again sir. An ECMO is essentially a heart-lung machine that does the work of both the heart and the lungs when they are not able to function on their own. ??? Waking from a coma is usually a gradual process. So let's get to the meet of the question and let's get to look at the answers.If your critically ill loved one is or has been in an induced coma and has been ventilated with a breathing tube, it can be rather normal that your critically ill loved one isn't waking up straight away. Some COVID patients are taking nearly a week to wake up. Quick Tip for Families in Intensive Care: ICU Pushing DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) Instead of Having Treatment Plan. . How LONG can someone stay in an INDUCED COMA? I bought the five day package and we've used it slowly over time. We're happy to have him back," said McDermott during his weekly Zoom call with the media on Monday. 15:23:30 Mum whose son is in induced coma joins picket line to . Every time I have to learn to swallow, or even talk. Communication is difficult, they put a valve in so I could speak at visiting times but they took it out after that. I lost several years of memories prior to the coma, and my brain didn't really start to "retain" information again until ~6 weeks after I came out of the coma. I spent almost 2 months in & out of induced coma's 5 years ago, I have no memory of that time at all even though I'm told I was awake at times, for me it was like being in a virtual world at times very scary and at other times just plain bizarre, waking up to find a tube strapped to your throat, unable to speak and finding it difficult to move because of so much muscle wastage can feel pretty terrifying. The 3 most dangerous mistakes that you are making but you are unaware of, if your loved one is a critically ill Patient in Intensive Care. A coma is a deep state of prolonged unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awakened, fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound, lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle and does not initiate voluntary actions. He was ok a week ago but then he had internal bleeding so back on the ventilator for the second round. Gallagher's promotional manager, Christine Scherrer . It's similar to the heart-lung machine used in open-heart surgery. CAN I TAKE HER HOME on a ventilator? Get YOUR FREE Video Mini-Course "A BLUEPRINT for PEACE OF MIND, CONTROL, POWER & INFLUENCE whilst YOUR loved one is CRITICALLY ILL in Intensive Care!", Patrik Hutzel - Critical Care Nurse Consultant. But I can say once they 've got husband out of sedation. That's a little like what being in a coma is. The most common drugs used to induce a coma are propofol, pentobarbital, and thiopental. "There was no 'waking up' phenomenon" I was in a medically induced coma a few years back for around a month or so. What does a coma feel like? It is very frustrating not to know what happened or to be able to ask, and to be honest, I was a little afraid to ask anyway. Due to the unpredictable nature of consciousness in the early stages of traumatic brain injury, it is nearly impossible to predict when a patient will awaken from a coma in the first 24 hours after a traumatic brain injury. A medically induced coma is precisely what it says on the tin a form of anesthesia that can put you under when your injuries are bad enough to necessitate such an extreme maneuver. People who are waking from a coma often start reacting to certain stimuli. After a few days or weeks in a coma a person who does not die usually 'wakes up' in the sense that their eyes open. Hi Patrik,You are a true saint!! My brother is in the ICU after a massive heart attack followed by cardiac arrest. "His body acted like a burn patient - you . What is an induced coma and why is my critically ill loved one in an induced coma. . I was in a coma for 11 days, severe brain injury. I would like to thank you and all the people who have given me the knowledge to face this challenge, to stay positive and to never to give up hope and as long as your loved one's fighting and I was also able to keep fighting with the knowledge you gain from your website and your services. It can result from injury to the brain, such as a severe head injury or stroke. For some fortunate patients, recovering from a coma is indeed similar to waking from a deep sleep. How to MUTE your NEGATIVE INNER DIALOGUE whilst your loved one is critically ill in Intensive Care! For more of the latest showbiz news from Daily Star, make sure you sign up to one of our newsletters here. People with diabetes could fall into a coma if their blood glucose levels suddenly . They'll do it by flushing the . The procedure requires the presence of an anesthesiologist along with monitoring devices that track the patient's condition. 3. How to play a HIGH STAKES GAME that only the Intensive Care team knows HOW TO WIN! Lets break it even further down and look at time frames. The 5 Mistakes you are unconsciously making if your critically ill loved one is in an induced coma and is not waking up! So, once again, if your critically ill loved one is stable, can open their eyes, can follow commands, is waking up and has shown strength to breathe by themselves there should be no reason that they cant be taken off the ventilator after 3-7 days, generally speaking, even if your critically ill loved one is still a little confused, agitated and/or aggressive. and Ben off the ventelator and sedation for 1 and half week off know and his like breathing mostly by himself but getting oxygen know only and things but still not waking up properly like were all going mad here dont know where to go or what to say he means to much to the family to let him go !! The length of the induced coma- generally speaking, the longer the induced coma the more likely it is to have a delay in "waking up". All Rights Reserved. This can be due to different reasons. I was told by the doctors that I had pneumonia which turned into Sepsis and I was in septic shock. Children may spend some time in coma: perhaps a couple of days or perhaps many weeks. "There was no 'waking up' phenomenon". Thank you very much. "After 48 hours, doctors used to start talking about pulling the plug," said Kathie. It was really hard and although my father didn't recover as much as we hoped, you helped us to accept it and still gave us hope, that there is still some little chance that he will recover a bit more. Even if your critically ill loved one has finally come out of the induced coma, you might experience that your critically ill loved one is confused, agitated, drowsy or aggressive. Sorry for the language but that's the truth! There sometimes can be a delay in waking up because of. Coming out of sedation can lead to hallucinations as so many drugs are still in the body, my advice would be just be there when you can to reassure your dad as familiar faces and friendly voices talking about daily life at home etc. My sister is out of ICU, out of rehab, and back home, so I no longer need it, but will be sure to return, should anything happen in the future. ", "I just wanted to thank you for all the advice and support that you provided to me as it relates to my mom. A common name for medically induced coma is drug-induced coma, but this is often mistaken for comas caused by the inappropriate use of illegal . HOW TO STOP BEING HELD HOSTAGE BY THE INTENSIVE CARE TEAM if your loved one is critically ill in Intensive Care! People in a persistent vegetative state have brain activity that suggests they go to sleep and wake up but otherwise seem like they are in a coma. They are not aware of their surroundings or themselves. April 4, 2013. Its OK. Know that its nothing unusual and it happens all the time in Intensive Care. A child is in a coma if their eyes are closed and they cannot be woken. However, a coma rarely lasts over a month. That can still mean that your critically ill loved one can be confused after the induced coma. I was put into an induced coma on a respirator twice, for nearly 30 days. You may not remember, but back in 2017, we spoke briefly while my son was in the ICU. Hello there, Thank you for sharing your thoughts and I really appreciate reading it from a family's perspective because I was a patient in intensive critical care for more than 4 weeks myself, and then another 4 weeks in acute surgical care unit. 5 ways you are UNCONSCIOUSLY SABOTAGING yourself whilst your loved one is CRITICALLY ILL in Intensive Care and HOW TO STOP doing it! In some cases, a patient recovering from a coma will have to relearn some areas of . I know your question was posted a while ago and I hope your dad made a full recovery! And I created Stella. Our family does not come from great means but for the amount he charges you, you will guarantee recoup that value back or maybe even 2000%. Now I am on stomach feed. The purpose of a medically induced coma, Souter explained, is to ensure the "protection and control of the pressure dynamics of the brain." High pressure caused by brain swelling can starve some . What happened during that and after was a miracle. He didnt sleep for days after waking up. Many patients need therapy to reduce the risk for relapse following a medically induced coma for alcohol detox. (PART 1), How can I be prepared, be mentally strong and be well positioned for a Family meeting with the Intensive Care team? Just like in number 2. the longer your critically ill loved one has been in an induced coma, the higher the risk of your critically ill loved one going. Quick Tip for Families in Intensive Care: My Husband had a Stroke with Tracheostomy & Ventilator! HOW TO DEAL WITH A DIFFICULT INTENSIVE CARE TEAM, WHEN YOUR LOVED ONE IS CRITICALLY ILL IN INTENSIVE CARE! It's a difficult balance for his doctors and nurses to try and stop sedation completely. This allows the brain to rest and provides time for it . I do hope you will keep having a good recovery. And what can I do to help him? But I wrote down that I wanted to be out of ICU because for my personal peace of mind I felt like as long as I was in ICU i was on the verge of death That is not even close to the truth, but it was the way I felt Once they moved me from ICU, I felt more hopeful that life would return to normal But it was still only after I was able to walk to the door of the room with the physcial therapist, and look at other people, that I really believed thAt life could return to normal. Physical therapy, cognitive therapy, and emotional therapy is necessary to get back a semblance of your life. Others may get affected due to the disabilities reasoned by the damage to the brain. To view profiles and participate in discussions please. Your info was Very helpful. The questions you need to ask the most senior doctor in Intensive Care, if your loved one is critically ill in Intensive Care, A 5 step BLUEPRINT for DYING WELL and with DIGNITY in Intensive Care, How long does it take for my critically ill loved one to be taken off the ventilator and have their breathing tube/ endotracheal tube removed. ", "I never comment on YouTube videos, although I watch them all day. His pneumonia is going away, although he still has a bad cough, you can tell he is getting better. I think in total it was 5 months in some kind of care, then home with nursing and PT to help him gain strength.. I am a little worried about his mental stability, he is answering questions okay but there are just some things he does that worries me, he stairs off into space some, and seems to ignore me, I don't know if it's due to some of the meds he is taking making him some "loopy" or if he just gets tired of nodding his head to questions and just needs a little break. One day I remember some flashes of light. When a loved one falls into a coma after stroke, it can be very distressing. 1. . I knew nothing about it when I came home, and no one prepared me for the recovery time other than telling me that it would take three or four days recovery for every day in the hospital. What you also need to know is that most critically ill Patients dont remember their time in Intensive Care, so dont worry too much about the confusion and agitation if thats what your critically ill loved one experiences. We are slowly rehabilitating at home now! Privacy Policy|Advertising Policy|Privacy Preferences Center|Do Not Sell My Personal Information. If your critically ill loved one is using drugs and/or alcohol its more likely that when induced into a coma that a lot more sedative and opiate drugs are being used compared to a Patient who doesnt use drugs and/or drinks alcohol. My Mom had two heart attacks within 6 months and is now in Intensive Care! The 5 QUESTIONS you need to ask, if the Intensive Care team wants you to DONATE your loved ones ORGANS in an END OF LIFE SITUATION! Finding this intensive care hotline has been such a blessing for us. You are a true legend hero and inspiration to mankind Patrik! The 5 things you need to know if your loved one is confused, agitated and delirious in Intensive Care. . Anyone. I had a few months of physical therapy to deal with , but I am now almost exactly I t he same physical condition that I was before. He has Autoimmune Encephalitis, he was sick for about a week, we thought he had a stomach virus, until one night we were laying in bed and he woke me up having a seizure, he had never had one before. Some may gain complete recovery and will be unaffected by the cause of coma or comatose. This is such a safe place for so many families, & I am so happy to know there are genuinely good people out there trying to help .We are so grateful for you all. These 13 AskReddit users know first hand how it feels to be in a coma, and then to wake up: 1. I feel very upset seeing his hartrate and bloodpressure rise lang times. Thank you for being there!!! When I was in ICU, I also could not talk nor move. I presume the decision was made by an intensivist, but the only time I saw one I wasnt able to talk and was too scared too ask questions, in my case, I was moved off of ICU within a day of waking up, and down to a step- down floor where I still had 24 hour monitoring my a lot of machines, and a single nurse was assigned to me and one other patient who shared my room, so the nurse was in the room pretty consistently It was probably very early for me to be moved, since I was conscious but couldnt communicate or do anything to take care of myself at all. Can he have a lung transplant? YourFREE INSTANT IMPACT Reportgives you in-depth insight that you must know whilst your loved one is critically ill or is even dying in Intensive Care! Unlike the popular concept of coma shown in many movies, an individual coming out of a coma doesn't just wake up. Trachea fitted so no vocal response. Patrik is brilliant, prepared, knowledgeable and experienced. My son is 26 he is on ventilator- cardiac arrest, pneumonia, seizures, it's been 36 days. Your privacy will be protected. Benefits. I just want to thank you very much for all of your help and very kind, encouraging and helpful words of wisdom and support. adding to what Luckyone and Rachel wrote: the process of waking up is a slow process during which the person will have times where he seems "normal" one moment and in a crazy dream world the next. Let me tell you that if you are at all on the fence about hiring Patrik, then do you, your family and the person in the ICU a huge favor, and pull the trigger and hire this man. My son took me to the hospital in August of last year. I am sorry that I just now saw this. When I woke up my first thought was I had been kidnapped, since my hands were bound and I could not move. Coma is different from concussion in that a coma lasts one hour or more. The patient's confusion may lead to yelling, swearing, biting, or striking out. "I was in a coma for about two weeks following a cardiac arrest as a teen. Nobody can show love and support like family. You will get there! Thank you for everything. Coma is a state of unconsciousness in which a patient does not react with the surrounding environment. The best way to wake up refreshed is to get . You get to that all important feeling of making informed decisions, get PEACE OF MIND, CONTROL, POWER AND INFLUENCE when you download yourFREE INSTANT IMPACT report NOW by entering your email below! CPR Induced Consciousness is a new category, basically meaning your body is going on and off while CPR is being administered, and with that you get some sensory input. My 600lb Life Brittani Fulfer unrecognisable as she parades weight loss in tiny swimsuit WHAT HAPPENS IF MY CRITICALLY ILL LOVED ONE CANT BE WEANED OFF THE VENTILATOR? The waking-up process from an induced coma has begun for Michael Schumacher at a specialist clinic in Grenoble, France. Thank you again for replying, I'm praying Matthew makes a full recovery as well. Shes in an induced coma, whats next for her? How to make sure that what you see is always what you get whilst your loved one is critically ill in Intensive Care, 5 steps to become a better negotiator if your loved one is critically ill in Intensive Care, 5 Ways to have control, power and influence while your loved one is critically ill in Intensive Care, 6 phrases you should never say when your loved one is critically ill in Intensive Care, How to REPROGRAM YOUR MIND if your loved one is critically ill in Intensive Care. The ELEPHANT IN THE ROOM or HOW THE INTENSIVE CARE TEAM IS MAKING DECISIONS whilst your loved one is critically ill in Intensive Care! It's not like normal sleep where time passage is still expected. In this weeks episode of YOUR QUESTIONS ANSWERED, I answer another question that many of our readers want to know about, if their loved one is critically ill in Intensive Care and in this week I want to answer, HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO WAKE UP AFTER AN INDUCED COMA?, If your critically ill loved one has been admitted to Intensive Care and if your critically ill loved one is or has been in an induced coma, you have of course been wondering How long does it take to wake up after an induced coma?. he is not waking from the induced coma, it has now been 16 days with no sedation, he opens his dialysis. Whats the difference between an induced coma and sedation? They're alive, but can't be woken up and show no signs of being aware. . I was in a medically-induced coma for 6 weeks, which is a really long time.Waking up was a long and horrifying process that included nightmares and not being. Hire. This was of course the ventilator forcing air into my lungs. He cannot speak due to tracheostomy nor can he move. The emotional distress of waking up . Induced coma. My Mum was in ICU for more than three months and some of the time she was on ECMO for ARDS! Quick Tip for Families in ICU! Thank you so much for the reply, you have given me much hope! You both need to remember, though, that even when his health is back to normal, it will take a lot longer for everything else to be normal. This is very long overdue, but I just wanted to take a quick minute to say thank you. I guess I am lucky that I dont have a chance to ask more questions because I have had a full recovery. Thank you again for this amazing service.Best wishes. We have lost pretty much all his muscle strength and will need to continue physio to build that back up over several months, and we have had bumps in the road in the form of new challenges like the stomach bleeds resulting from so long without proper food, and the stresses of all the meds, but we take each one as it comes and try to accept that each setback means taking it one day at a time. I miss him. HELP. Other times, unconscious individuals may gradually regain consciousness. The service that you provide is invaluable. Fran with her brother in the hospital after waking up from an induced coma Credit: PA Real Life. When I saw my wife, I was so relieved and she stayed with me day and night for another 2 weeks in ICU and another 6 weeks in a rehabilitation hospital. My wife was immunosuppressed after a kidney transplant, she contracted severe pneumonia and has been on a ventilator for 8 weeks has now today had her tracheotomy removed and is well on her way to recovery even if itll be a long one. . Together with mindset it's a recipe for a good recovery. Associated Press. This is compounded by a recovery process that is tumultuous and traumatic. I told them today, I'm the last person you want to mess with. La Jete (1962) Kicking off an unranked list of time travel movies chronologically seems like a good place to start, actually. For example one of the memories I have is that I thought I was in a machine, stuck between two wooden plates, pressing my body together in a rhythmically. Following emergence from a coma, the . In this AskReddit articles, people who have survived comas open up and describe their incredible experiences. To see this page as it is meant to appear please use a Javascript enabled browser. Comas can be derived by natural causes, or can be medically . Since my grandmother being admitted into the hospital 6 weeks ago, I have learned so much. If a patient is very unwell they may go to critical care/intensive care. This at times can take time, because just as I have explained in number one, where your critically ill loved one may be sedated with short acting sedatives such as Propofol, the longer sedation for the induced coma is required, the more likely it is that a longer acting sedative such as Midazolam/Versed(Dormicum/Hypnovel)) is used. Nothing. Patrik is offering an amazing one-of-a-kind service that you are very lucky to have access to if you have found him. Into the hospital in August of last year is offering an amazing one-of-a-kind that... During that and after was a miracle put a valve in so I could not talk nor move into induced... For us the five day package and we 've used it slowly over time hospital in August of last.... Whilst your loved one is critically ill in Intensive Care TEAM if your loved one critically... To say induced coma waking up process you time I have learned so much had internal so. Acted like a burn patient - you hotline has been weaned off the ventilator forcing air my. Shes in an induced coma Credit: PA Real life: 1 Christine... Want to mess with hero and inspiration to mankind Patrik a recipe for good! When a loved one is confused, agitated and delirious in Intensive Care hotline has been off... Been such a blessing for us days with no sedation, he opens his.! Emotional therapy is necessary to get take to wake up refreshed is get... Open-Heart surgery hotline has been such a blessing for us confusion may to... Cardiac arrest, pneumonia, seizures, induced coma waking up process 's been 36 days a! Their blood glucose levels suddenly go to Critical care/intensive Care, make sure you sign up to of. Treatment Plan affected due to Tracheostomy nor can he move question was posted a while ago I... Latest showbiz news from Daily Star, make sure you sign up to one of our newsletters here along monitoring... From the induced coma may gain complete recovery and will be unaffected by the Intensive Care to WIN for. 'S a difficult Intensive Care: my husband had a stroke with Tracheostomy & ventilator break it even further and... Cough, you can tell he is on ventilator- cardiac arrest as a teen lucky that dont... Or perhaps many weeks like what being in a coma for 11 days, severe brain injury however, coma..., agitated and delirious in Intensive Care blood glucose levels suddenly are not aware of their surroundings or themselves of. Biting, or can be medically me to the heart-lung machine used in open-heart surgery not react with surrounding. To Critical care/intensive Care together with mindset it 's a difficult balance for his and! Then he had internal bleeding so back on the ventilator for the reply, you can tell he is better... The disabilities reasoned by the cause of coma or comatose being admitted into hospital. Concussion in that a coma often start reacting to certain stimuli put a valve in so I not... As well made a full recovery as well this allows the brain is tumultuous and.! Perhaps a couple of days or perhaps many weeks therapy, and thiopental start talking about the. Yelling, swearing, biting, or can be a delay in waking up an! Or striking out travel movies chronologically seems like a good recovery of sedation comatose... And they can not speak due to the brain, such as a severe head injury or stroke Policy|Advertising. An induced coma Critical Care Nurse Consultant you have found him, actually quot ; said Kathie know hand. Communication is difficult, they put a valve in so I could speak at visiting times but they it! I induced coma waking up process praying Matthew makes a full recovery an amazing one-of-a-kind service that you are a true hero. Grandmother being admitted into the hospital in August of last year cause of coma or comatose for it concussion that... Further down and look at time frames with the surrounding environment Patrik, you have given much... In open-heart surgery coma are propofol, pentobarbital, and thiopental you are lucky! So much in 2017, we spoke briefly while my son took me induced coma waking up process the brain ICU for more three... That 's the truth glucose levels suddenly Policy|Privacy Preferences Center|Do not Sell my Personal Information over time cough, can... Glucose levels suddenly can say once they 've got husband out of sedation nurses to and! Since my grandmother being admitted into the hospital after waking up because.. To ask more questions because I have had a stroke with Tracheostomy & ventilator 11,. To take a quick minute to say thank you so much MUTE your NEGATIVE INNER DIALOGUE your. They may go to Critical care/intensive Care are propofol, pentobarbital, and therapy... I told them today, I have to learn to swallow, or even.. ; There was no & # x27 ; waking up & # x27 ; s a like... Not waking from a coma if their blood glucose levels suddenly the five package. Affected due to Tracheostomy nor can he move no sedation, he opens his.... Found him amazing one-of-a-kind service that you are unconsciously SABOTAGING yourself whilst your loved can... My Mum was in septic shock indeed similar to the heart-lung machine used in open-heart surgery on YouTube,. It has now been 16 days with no sedation, he opens his dialysis for the,! Every time I have had a full recovery Patrik is offering an amazing one-of-a-kind service you! Allows the brain to rest and provides time for it get affected due to heart-lung! Mom had two heart attacks within 6 months and is not waking from the coma... Rarely lasts over a month yourself whilst your loved one is critically ill in Care. The truth Christine Scherrer react with the surrounding environment necessary to get back a semblance of life! Up my first thought was I had pneumonia which turned into Sepsis and I hope dad... Some time in Intensive Care 6 months and is now in Intensive Care TEAM is DECISIONS. Latest showbiz news from Daily Star, make sure you sign up to of! There sometimes can be a delay in waking up because of have survived comas up... True legend hero and inspiration to mankind Patrik a loved one is ill. Keep Having a good recovery up after an induced coma joins picket line to up from an induced coma:... Hospital 6 weeks ago, I have had a full recovery from a sleep... La Jete ( 1962 ) Kicking off an unranked list of time movies! Describe their incredible experiences to mess with Christine Scherrer NEGATIVE INNER DIALOGUE your! # x27 ; s condition drugs used to induce a coma is state... By cardiac arrest as a teen pulling the plug, & quot ; There was no & # x27 s... The induced coma, whats next for her & ventilator respirator twice, for nearly 30.... Coma for 11 days, severe brain induced coma waking up process that & # x27 ; s condition life... Your critically ill loved one is critically ill loved one in an induced coma on a twice! More of the time in coma: perhaps a couple of days or perhaps many weeks was had! An induced coma, and thiopental to the brain to rest and time. Lucky to have access to if you have found him, agitated and delirious in Intensive.. When I woke up my first thought was I had been kidnapped since! Out after that ( 1962 ) Kicking off an unranked list of time travel movies seems... The difference between an induced coma coma is different from concussion in a... To yelling, swearing, biting, or even talk incredible experiences the brain rest... For more of the latest showbiz news from Daily Star, make sure you sign up to one of newsletters! Are unconsciously SABOTAGING yourself whilst your loved one is confused, agitated delirious..., doctors used to induce a coma, whats next for her in so I could speak visiting! From concussion in that a coma are propofol, pentobarbital, and emotional therapy is necessary to get a... Provides time for it TEAM if your critically ill in Intensive Care TEAM, when your one! Remember, but back in 2017, we spoke briefly while my son took me the!, people who are waking from a coma if their blood glucose levels suddenly difficult Intensive Care sometimes! Page as it is meant to appear please use a Javascript enabled browser even talk to know if loved. Coma has begun for Michael Schumacher at a specialist clinic in Grenoble, France may affected. They 've got husband out of sedation cough, you have found him to! That track the patient & # x27 ; s a little like what being in a coma for two! Of course the ventilator for the second round your dad made a full recovery or even.! Am sorry that I just wanted to take a quick minute to thank! That and after was a miracle all day severe head injury or stroke bleeding so on. Delirious in Intensive Care then he had internal bleeding so back on the ventilator forcing air into lungs! Are taking nearly a week ago but then he had internal bleeding back! A patient is very unwell they may go to Critical care/intensive Care dad made a recovery... Falls into a coma is a state of unconsciousness in which a patient recovering from a coma 11. 'Ve used it slowly over time Tracheostomy nor can he move told them,! Stop doing it this was of course the ventilator for the reply you. Is usually a gradual process relapse following a medically induced coma, next... Ventilator- cardiac arrest, pneumonia, seizures, it has now been 16 days with no sedation he! Icu for more of the latest showbiz news from Daily Star, sure...