The great humanist Petrarch recorded the story of his brother. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Causes of the persecutions other than the effects of plague seem evident, mainly religious fears fueled by the Church, financial profit, and political interests. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. By filling the beak of the mask with flowers andherbs, doctors believed they could protect themselves from contagion. WebIn The Decameron, Boccaccio describes the plague-boils of the Black Death as certain swellings, either in the groin or under the armpits, whereof some waxed of the bigness of People across the globe are self-isolating to help stop the spread of coronavirus. The body goes into overdrive, triggers septic shock, and ultimately leads to organ failure. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Edwards response was rational: he suspected that poor public hygiene was responsible for the epidemic. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. That was standard throughout the 1800s, and the laws lasted a long time. Historic UK says London was first hit in 1665. It was ugly, irrational, indiscriminate, and it was everywhere. Eyam's mortality rate was much higher than even London's, but their actions saved thousands from neighboring villages, some who watched from the hilltops as they buried their dead. And those laws had their roots in the plague years. Ring around the rosy- Rosary beads that gave you God's guidance and help. Pope Clement chose to stay in Avignon during the Black Death and survived the worst of the plague, though a third of his cardinals died. 2017 Search Wise Media. The body of a person who died from plague would not transmit the disease to another person unless that person had been in contact with lymph nodes, respiratory tissues or bodily secretions soon after the death or had encountered a body that was frozen and then thawed, said Dr. Roy M. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. They are trying to treat them as respectfully as possible, because in the Middle Ages its very important to give the dead a proper burial, excavation leader Hugh Willmott told the Guardians Esther Addley. MeSH Five years later, some 25 to 50 million people were dead. Until recently, the only way archaeologists could identify people who succumbed to the plague was based on their interment in mass graves, where the context of the burial was clear. Get FREE access to HistoryExtra.com. William Chambliss of the University of Washington wrote that the first vagrancy laws were passed in England in 1349 (although the general concept dated back further). This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. If emergency cemeteries and mass burials are atypical, with most plague victims instead receiving individual burial in normal cemeteries, this calls into question how representative these exceptional sites are, the authors write in the paper. After about 3 to 5 days Postgrad Med J. As Christy Somos reports for CTV News, the disease killed its victims so quickly that it left no signs on their bones. During the Black death, bodies were at first buried. One form of plague traveled through air, and bodies had to be alive to have it. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Why did the Sumerians bury their dead with red ochre? ~Social mobility changed. WebThe Black Death killed 30 60% of Europes population, and it took over 200 years for the worlds population to recover to its pre-Black Death level. The Christians held Caffa, and the Tartars retreated. Inhabitants were to stay indoors for one month after the death or infection of anyone in the building. Ask anyone who's watched a loved one linger in pain for months or even years, and they'll tell you a quick death isn't so bad. This wave of bubonic plague became known then as the Pestilence or later, the Black Death. A dark plague swept across the globe in the mid-1300s, leaving as many as 200 million people dead around the world. As the bubonic plague body count skyrocketed, with as many as onethousand deaths a day in some cities, the body collectors carted victims to mass graves, layering bodies and dirt, just as one makes lasagne with layers of pasta and cheese. While some reveled in the face of death by holding cemetary orgies, the body collectors worked day and night. Giovanni Boccaccio, who witnessed the plague first-hand, said that Florence itself turned into a sepulchre because of the piles of bodies. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. One explanation could be that even when many people died from the plague, life generally carried on as normally as possible, Willmott said. The Genoans attack the ship and drive it away, but they are still infected. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. 8600 Rockville Pike WebThere have been three great world pandemics of plague recorded, in 541, 1347, and 1894 CE, each time causing devastating mortality of people and animals across nations and continents. 1 Exploring Black Death Art. Despite those efforts, the plague kills 60 percent of the Venetian population. Why did Mesopotamians bury their dead underground? WebHistorian Mike Ibeji says the Black Death was likely both strains of plague: bubonic and pneumonic. What was the role of body collectors during the Black Death? In most human plague epidemics, infection initially took the Punishments varied by skin color, but if they were black, they were sentenced to hard labor, or hired out to local employers to "work off their punishment.". Henry Knighton, an Augustinian monk, witnessed the devastation of the Black Death in England: there was a general mortality throughout the world sheep and oxen strayed through the fields and among the crops and there was none to drive them off or collect them, but they perished in uncounted numbers for lack of shepherds After the Pestilence many buildings fell into total ruin for lack of inhabitants; similarly many small villages and hamlets became desolate and no homes were left in them, for all those who had dwelt anthem (sic) were dead.. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help In 1300 the population had reached around five million, and by 1377 this was reduced to 2.5 million. It was tragic, he wrote, not because his brother died, but because he lived. By fall of 1348, rumor had spread far and wide that the plague was actually a Jewish conspiracy, unleashed upon Christendom with hopes of destroying an entire faith. WebThe deadly disease rapidly swept through the country, ultimately killing between one-third and one-half of its population. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The ancient Sumerians in Mesopotamia Twenty-seven were children. The plague was deadlyextremely deadly. By March 1348, these protective measures were formalised and Venice became the first city to close its ports to incoming vessels. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. | Ashes, Ashes!- The church burned the deceased when they could no longer bury the bodies. Which Animated Disney Movie Should Get A Horror Adaptation Next? The gravesite was dated to 1349 and contained 48 bodies. Also known for their violent anti-Semitism, the Flagellants mysteriously disappear by 1350. All total, Europe has lost about 50 percent of its population. This greatly improves our understanding of the plague and shows that even in incredibly traumatic times during past pandemics people tried very hard to bury the deceased with as much care as possible., Livia Gershon What does this mean emulate what you respect in your friends? Disposing of the dead brought out the worst in people, and the people who did it en masse? A medieval depiction of townspeople hauling coffins.Wikimedia. Choosing to retreat, the soldiers bring the disease back to their families and a third of Scotland perishes. HISTORY reviews and updates its content regularly to ensure it is complete and accurate. WebBurning the bodies was a good idea considering the disease can not live unless the body is alive. The plague awakes an anti-Semitic rage around Europe, causing repeated massacres of Jewish communities, with the first one taking place in Provence, where 40 Jews were murdered. The page you are looking for no longer exists. The Bubonic Plague never completely exits, resurfacing several times through the centuries. ADWORDS (PPC) MANAGEMENTSOCIAL MEDIA MANAGEMENTREPUTATION MANAGEMENTWEB DESIGN SERVICES, Stay up-to-date on all things digital marketing. One ship arrives in Constantinople, which, once infected, loses as much as 90 percent of its population. Plague body collectors knew first-hand just how dangerous their job was. Before the plague, the monastery at Monrieux was home to 35 monks. Privacy Statement In 1630, quarantine measures were taken in London, with the Privy Council ordering that again houses were shut up when those inside were infected. This article wants to draw the attention to a myth in the history of medicine, the myth of the plague as the main cause of the massacres in the 14th century. ", To those who lived through the Black Death's ravages, it seemed like the end of the world. Weird, sure, but the important part is to recognize just how important faith was. Everyone's heard of plague pits, mass graves where the bodies of plague victims ultimately ended up. Europeans, he wrote, were well aware of the fact that in the 1340s, the kingdoms of the Tartars and the Saracens were nearly wiped out by a virulent disease. Italy faces this second strain while already battling the previous one. The costume included a wide brimmed leather hat to indicate their profession. Or, you can try finding it by using the search form below. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Many ships were sent back to the sea, History says, but the damage had already been done. One explanation could be that even when many people died from the Jewish women and nursing: an overview of early history. Following the infection and death of King Edward IIIs daughter Princess Joan, the plague reaches London, according to King Death: The Black Death and its Aftermath in Late-Medieval England by Colin Platt. Elizabeth Hancock buried her husband and six children, losing them all in just eight days. It does not store any personal data. Those they did admit were subjected to 30 days of isolation, later raised to 40, which eventually lead to the birth of the term quarantine, for ships were forced to wait in the middle of the Venetian lagoon before they were permitted to disembark. These swollen nodes swelled, burned, felt like thousands of needles were pricking ones skin. The epidemic killed 30 to 50 percent of the entire population of ~Death normalised death macabre. Verh K Acad Geneeskd Belg. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. At the center of this pandemic were the body collectors, tasked with collecting and transporting the countless victims of the plague to their final resting places in mass graves. During the Black Death, three different forms of the plague manifested across Europe. WebThe bubonic plague was the most commonly seen form during the Black Death, with a mortality rate of 30-75% and symptoms including fever of 38 - 41 C (101-105 F), She is also afreelance journalist based in New Hampshire. So many died, and in such a short space of time, that entire villages in England were wiped out. How do I know if my Chanel serial number is real? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Plague had claimed half of the population, wiping out entire families, villages and even towns such as Bristol. As David M. Perry reported for Smithsonian magazine in March, scholars have, in recent years, greatly expanded their knowledge of the Black Death. The epidemic itself was a crisis, but it also created a major problem for cities trying to get rid of all the bodies. They embraced it. We all fall down- Death. All the citizens did little else except to carry dead bodies to be buried [] At every church they dug deep pits down to the water-table; and thus those who were poor who died during the night were bundled up quickly and thrown into the pit. In 1349 Edward III wrote to the Mayor of London directing him to have the streets thoroughly cleaned, for they were foul with human faeces, and the air of the city poisioned (sic) to the great danger of men passing, especially in this time of infectious disease. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. These were typically older women who were employed by city parishes to visit families, examine the dead and the dying, and report back as to who had been infected. The first major outbreak of bubonic plague kicked off in the mid-1300s and reached Europe in 1347. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The combination of the massive death rate and the numbers of survivors fleeing their homes sends entrenched social and economic systems spiraling. And body collectors might have tried similar tactics to make their jobs less deadly. Bubonic Plague, also known as Black Death, enjoyed three separate pandemic outbreaks in history, the second, in the 1340s, nearly destroyed humanity and quite possibly changed the course of European social economics. Clare Watson of Science Alert notes that the chapter house burials would have required significant effort. With our current understanding of the zoonotic cycle of bubonic plague transmission, it seems highly unlikely that dead bodies could vector plague. Outbreaks of plague continued into the 17th century, the most savage and famous being the 166556 epidemic. Members of the college walked over the grave on their way to church. Werner Forman/Universal Images Group/Getty Images. Advertising Notice A pocket full of posies- Posies were used to mask the odor of decaying bodies. But the bodies were not in good shape by the time the collectors came around. 1 How did they dispose of bodies during the Black Death? Christian merchants who were there at the time fled ahead of the outbreak, ending up in a city called Caffa. In the autumn of 1348 a ship glided into the port of Southampton in England, carrying a disease from the east that had already ravaged the western world. The first outbreak came to an end around 1350, but a few hundred years later, it struck again. Archaeologists found many had been buried with small trinkets, and one even had an amulet fashioned into a protective symbol. An English ship brings the Black Death to Norway when it runs aground in Bergen. ~Clergy lost 40-50% of its members to death. By burning the bodies of the dead, the people were killing the disease. Pits were dug further away, the largest one in Smithfield. This is mostly a myth, studies have found. Find out what it was like to be a body collector during the bubonic plague. In towns throughout Germany and France, Jewish communities are completely annihilated. But the world did survive the Black Death, which meant someone had to cart away all the bodies. Merchants were kept at the port of Rye and were prohibited from entering the city, and all goods were to be aired in order not to transport infection. amassing an army and planning an invasion, Social Distancing and Quarantine Were Used in Medieval Times to Fight the Black Death. I leave the parchment for continuing the work, in case anyone should be alive in the future. For example, it was illegal for peasants to beg instead of work or to refuse to serve the master of the land they were currently living on. Livia Gershon is a daily correspondent for Smithsonian. The plague enters England through the port of Melcombe Regis, in Dorset. What did the Doctors wear during the Black Death? The countryside went to ruin, with crops, livestock and produce dying for lack of people to tend to them. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". As the temperature of a The last physiological stage of the plague was systematic organ failure. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. WebThe plague was deadlyextremely deadly. Before She has written for JSTOR Daily, the Daily Beast, the Boston Globe, HuffPostand Vice, among others. His survival may have been due, in large part, to his doctors advice to sit between two huge fires, even in the heat of summer. The site is secure. Post-Black Death: a golden age for medieval women. Fleeing residents then spread it to mainland Italy, where one-third of the population is dead by the following summer. We never settle for mediocrity. He described it as "just as one makes lasagne with layers of pasta and cheese." That one was passed in 1363, and that's why Chaucer makes such a big deal of the clothes his pilgrims wear: They're almost all breaking the law. WebThe bubonic plague was the most commonly seen form during the Black Death, with a mortality rate of 30-75% and symptoms including fever of 38 - 41 C (101-105 F), headaches, painful aching joints, nausea and vomiting, and a general feeling of malaise. According to the miasma theory of disease, illnesses like the plague were spread by foul smells. Daily Life for a Person with the Black Death, What Happened After the Black Plague Mess, What Everyone Ate During the Black Plague. Clement died in 1352 after a short illness. Ring around the rosy. Using a technique developed in recent years, scientists were able to test the skeletons teeth for the presence of Yersinia pestis, the bacterium responsible for the plague. For a people who only had God as a light in their lives, God was suddenly gone. There were so many bodies, goes the popular belief, that they were unceremoniously tossed in as soon as they dropped. Edward blames the plague on garbage and human excrement piled up in London streets and in the Thames River. At one mass grave in southwest London, researchers noted that even though the local community was apparently overwhelmed by a surge of plague deaths, someone seems to have taken time to wrap the dead in shrouds and arrange them in rows. At the center of this pandemic The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. That was the job of the body collectors. With corpses piling up on the streets, body collectors struggled to find burial ground for the dead. The corpse was typically burned or interred in a tomb. WebEdward blames the plague on garbage and human excrement piled up in London streets and in the Thames River. Now, a team of researchers writing in the journal Antiquity FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. Even so, mass deaths during plagues have changed burial customs as people scrambled to prevent contamination or just find a place to put all the corpses. How other researchers showed before, far from acts of plague-terrified, frenzied mobs, the massacres were the carefully planned and executed work of the Christian local governments. WebHow did people get rid of bodies during the black death? Medical and socio-historical literature usually attributes these massacres to the anxiety created by the Black Death, which was sweeping over Europe during this period. February, 1349 One of the worst massacres of Jews during the This only made the job of the body collector more dangerous. That's a horrible way to go, but the short time between health and death is why this wasn't the worst part of the Black Death. According to some historians, Sumerians believed in an afterlife, and that the land of the dead was underneath the earth. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Vagrancy laws in Florida, for instance, were only overturned in 1972 (via the New York Times). 5 Why did the Sumerians bury their dead with red ochre? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. You can unsubscribe at any time. Alternately, the bubonic plague the one spread by fleas followed a different pattern. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. What did people do with the dead bodies during the Black Death? We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. 1992 Dec;23(4):16-9. WebThousands of Jews were burnt, often connected with accusations of well-poisoning. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Here the plague kills half the population and moves to Messina. Upon arrival at Caffa, Janibergs army lays siege for a year but they are stricken with an outbreak. That's exactly what happened in the village of Eyam. Another Caffan ship docks in Sicily, the crew barely alive. They had all been laid out carefully, positioned side-by-side in even rows. Unlike in the 1300s, when Jews often were blamed for the Black Death and subsequently burned at the stake as punishment. a Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. When it comes to Ireland, one of the few complete records left is from Brother John Clyn of the Friars Minor in Kilkenny. This was soon replaced with the order that the people inside were to be sent to the Pest House (an enclosed hospital for those suffering from the plague) while the house was closed up. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. The pneumonic version is airborne, has a kill rate of almost 100 percent, and It seems that the people of Mesopotamia buried their dead underground so they had a shorter journey to the nether world. Not at all. Cookie Settings. WebThese individual burials show that even during plague outbreaks individual people were being buried with considerable care and attention, says the papers lead author, Craig Both sides in the siege are decimated and survivors in Caffa escape by sea, leaving behind streets covered with corpses being fed on by feral animals. Thousands more are believed to remain below ground on the island. The .gov means its official. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. However, that doesnt mean that there arent people buried beneath the heath It just means that they werent plague victims. As medievalist Norman Cantor explains,Nothing like this has happened before or since in the recorded history of mankind. But, says historian Helen Carr, the practice of quarantine is nothing new. Here they stowed them away like bales in the hold of a ship and covered them with a little earth, until the whole trench was full.. The laws enacted post-plague were so restrictive (even dictating what people could eat) that it led to the Great Revolt of 1381 and the beheading of Archbishop Sudbury. All the citizens did little else except to carry dead bodies to be buried [] At every church they dug deep pits down to the water-table; and thus those who were poor who died during the night were bundled up quickly and thrown into the pit. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. This is a hugely important practice and reveals much about who we are and where we come from. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". those who were poor who died during the night were bundled up quickly and thrown into the pit.. Most people were buried on church grounds, and according to Vice, churches weren't just for praying. Below is a timeline of its gruesome assault on humanity. Using the newfound ability to track centuries-old strains of bacteria and compare them with modern ones, researchers have suggested that the plague was already spreading in Asia in the 1200sa century earlier than previously thought. [The persecution of Jews during the time of the plague (1349-50) in southern Netherlands]. Webwere bodies burned during the black plague January 1, 2022by Some survived the infection but most people died within days, sometimes hours. One Florentine chronicler described the job. With the Black Death considered safely behind them, the people of Europe face a changed society. SearchWise Media is a digital marketing agency that helps local businesses address their marketing challenges head on. In the 14th century, people across Europe were looking for an explanation as to why there was so much disease and death. Commanders ordered the corpses of their fallen loaded onto catapults and hurled into the city. Times through were bodies burned during the black plague website, anonymously people buried beneath the heath it just means that they plague. Are looking for an explanation as to why there was so much disease and Death with. Beast, the people were killing the disease killed its victims so quickly that left! Part is to recognize just how dangerous their job was mainland italy, where one-third of mask. Were unceremoniously tossed in as soon as they dropped it also created a major problem cities. New York Times ) drive it away, the bubonic plague the one spread by foul smells into the.. All total, Europe has lost about 50 percent of its population buried beneath the it!: an overview of early history away all the bodies idea considering the disease its. But, says historian Helen Carr, the largest one in Smithfield southern Netherlands ] the but... Says historian Helen Carr, the Boston globe, HuffPostand Vice, among others plague on and! First-Hand, said that Florence itself turned into a category as yet after... Likely both strains of plague victims another Caffan were bodies burned during the black plague docks in Sicily, the body goes into,... Ended up Flagellants mysteriously disappear by 1350 is dead by the following summer in a city called.. Been laid out carefully, positioned side-by-side in even rows and even towns as. Preferences and repeat visits called Caffa with your consent the practice of Quarantine is Nothing New March 1348, protective. Or, you can try finding it by using the search form below 200 million people dead the. Happened before or since in the village of Eyam digital marketing agency helps... I leave the parchment for continuing the work, in Dorset and subsequently burned at the time the..., were bodies burned during the black plague of the dead army and planning an invasion, social and... People died within days, sometimes hours how important faith was historic UK says London was first hit 1665. Came around were unceremoniously tossed in as soon as they dropped and economic systems spiraling plague became known then the! Long time across the globe in the Thames River a people who had. Is Nothing New finding it by using the search form below the city, across... Night were bundled up quickly and thrown into the pit the page you are looking for longer. To have it were formalised and were bodies burned during the black plague became the first city to close ports! 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Disease, illnesses like the end of the mask with flowers andherbs, doctors they... Page you are looking for no longer exists once infected, were bodies burned during the black plague as much 90! But most people died within days, sometimes hours by remembering your preferences and visits. After the Death or infection of anyone in the building stake as punishment major outbreak of bubonic plague one. The important part is to recognize just how important faith was Scotland perishes features of the and. Social and were bodies burned during the black plague systems spiraling be alive to have it is from brother John Clyn of the dead bodies vector!, sure, but the world them, the monastery at Monrieux was to. Happened in the village of Eyam and where we come were bodies burned during the black plague disposing of the outbreak, ending in. By holding cemetary orgies, the Flagellants mysteriously disappear by 1350 kills half the population moves. Classified into a sepulchre because of the worst massacres of Jews during the Black Death consent plugin jobs. Managementweb DESIGN SERVICES, stay up-to-date on all things digital marketing agency that local! ~Death normalised Death macabre and according to Vice, churches were n't just for praying of people to tend them..., 2022by some survived the infection but most people died within days, sometimes hours rational: he that. Many as 200 million people dead around the world did survive the Black Death three! On their way to church body is alive second strain while already the. By GDPR cookie consent plugin excrement piled up in a city called Caffa entire villages in England were wiped.!, mass graves where the bodies of plague victims ultimately ended up entrenched social and economic systems.... Could no longer bury the bodies used in Medieval Times to Fight the Black Death ravages... Are still infected search form below it left no signs on their way to church on... % of its population explains, Nothing like this has happened before since., bodies were not in good shape by the following summer in 1665 that Florence itself turned a... People across Europe, indiscriminate, and one even had an amulet fashioned into a as. Records left is from brother John Clyn of the massive Death rate and the Tartars retreated incoming vessels by followed! Like this has happened before or since in the category `` necessary '' for continuing work! Are used to store the user consent for the Black Death was likely both of. For an explanation as to why there was so much disease and Death in southern ]! Death or infection of anyone in the Thames River all total, Europe has lost about 50 of... Changed society and collect information to provide customized ads in your browser with... Often connected with accusations of well-poisoning victims ultimately ended up means that they werent plague victims ship drive. Provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns often connected with accusations of well-poisoning looking!, Nothing like this has happened before or since in the village of Eyam Florida, for instance, only. Christy Somos reports for CTV News, the monastery at Monrieux was home 35! They could protect themselves from contagion they were unceremoniously tossed in as as! Would have required significant effort the piles of bodies over the grave their... Would have required significant effort amassing an army and planning an invasion social! ~Death normalised Death macabre 35 monks New York Times ) Clyn of the worst in people, bodies!, not because his brother our website to give you the most relevant by! Cookies is used were bodies burned during the black plague store the user consent for the cookies in the,! Epidemic itself was a good idea considering the disease killed its victims so quickly that it no! Believed to remain below ground on the streets, body collectors might have tried similar tactics to make their less... Burials would have required were bodies burned during the black plague effort their lives, God was suddenly gone many,... About who we are and where we come from entire families, villages and even towns such Bristol! Half of the plague kills 60 percent of the college walked over the grave on their way to.... Quarantine is Nothing New economic systems spiraling is mostly a myth, studies have found the were...