[166] In 2015, Forbes listed Sofia as one of the top 10 places in the world to launch a startup business, because of the low corporate tax (10%), the fast internet connection speeds available one of the fastest in the world, and the presence of several investment funds, including Eleven Startup Accelerator, LAUNCHub and Neveq. inmate classification vg3 alabama meaning a nice variety of treatment and work programs too. According to the 2011 census, people aged 2024 years are the most numerous group, numbering 133,170 individuals and accounting for 11% of the total 1,202,761 people. It takes its source in Rila, Bulgaria's highest mountain,[41] and enters Sofia Valley near the village of German. The recorded history of the city begins with the attestation of the conquest of Serdica by the Roman Republic in 29 BC from the Celtic tribe Serdi. Their inmate to correctional officer ratio is a lot higher than the previous two security levels. [77] Remains from another neolithic settlement around the National Art Gallery are traced to the 3rd4th millennium BC, which has been the traditional centre of the city ever since. The city was also an applicant for the 2014 Winter Olympics, but was not selected as candidate. [208], Higher education includes four of the five highest-ranking national universities Sofia University (SU), the Technical University of Sofia, New Bulgarian University and the Medical University of Sofia. [93] In 343 AD, the Council of Sardica was held in the city, in a church located where the current 6th century Church of Saint Sophia was later built. The city is located at a strategic crossroads. [142] With 1,600 prisoners, the incarceration rate is above 0.1%;[143] however, roughly 70% of all prisoners are part of the Romani minority.[144]. ", Jen Fitz. Serdica's citizens of Thracian descent were referred to as Illyrians[80] probably because it was at some time the capital of Eastern Illyria (Second Illyria).[89]. Lines 5 and 13 are shorter and provide connections to Kulata and Bankya, respectively. The natural growth rate during 2009 was 0.2 per mile, the first positive growth rate in nearly 20 years. The earliest works where this latest name is registered are the duplicate of the Gospel of Serdica, in a dialogue between two salesmen from Dubrovnik around 1359, in the 14th-century Vitosha Charter of Bulgarian tsar Ivan Shishman and in a Ragusan merchant's notes of 1376. : +359 885 921 620 E-mail:chitalnyata@gmail.com. Increasing are frauds, drug-related crimes, petty theft and vandalism. From 1530 to 1836, Sofia was the regional capital of Rumelia Eyalet, the Ottoman Empire's key province in Europe. Practical information for tourists in the Covid-19, Practical information for tourists COVID-19, , National Representation for Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria, St Nikolas Monastery village of Skravena, Information and recommendations about COVID-19, Ministry of Tourism of the Republic of Bulgaria. The National Institute of Corrections helps agencies develop or modify their . There are two golf courses within an hours drive of the city, in the city of Ihtiman and the village of Ravno Polye, both offering excellent facilities to play and practice this sport that is becoming more and more popular in Bulgaria. The infant mortality rate was 5.6 per 1,000, down from 18.9 in 1980. In 1944 Sofia and the rest of Bulgaria was occupied by the Soviet Red Army and within days of the Soviet invasion Bulgaria declared war on Nazi Germany. Petka Samardzhiyska Church is built in the 11th century. On the lower slopes of Mount Vitosha, in the Boyana District, is located the National Museum of History, with its collection from prehistoric times to the present day. Inmates incarcerated in the ADOC will be classified into groups by security level, custody, and program needs as defined in the ADOC Classification Manual. Prison classification is a method of assessing inmate risks that balance security requirements with program needs. The decision was announced in November 2014 by the Evaluation Committee of ACES Europe, on the grounds that "the city is a good example of sport for all, as means to improve healthy lifestyle, integration and education, which are the basis of the initiative.". The lowest recorded temperature is 31.2C (24F) (16 January 1893). There are many more capitals in the city, such as the Polytechnical Museum, the Museum of Anthropology, and the Sports Museum. There is hardly another city in all of Europe that has so many noteworthy Christian, Islamic, and Jewish monuments so close together. Close to the museum is the Boyana Church, one of the Bulgarian monuments that are listed among the UNESCO World Heritage sites. It is the only city in Bulgaria to host three electoral constituencies: the 23rd, 24th and 25th Multi-member Constituencies, which together field 42 mandates in the 240-member National Assembly. A number of ancient Roman, Byzantine and medieval Bulgarian buildings are preserved in the centre of the city. New residential areas were built in the outskirts of the city, like Druzhba, Mladost and Lyulin. It represents the primary security level for Control Units in the 3-Tier System. We provide training, technical assistance, and information resources on all phases of new-jail planning. [80], The Celtic tribe Serdi gave their name to the city. [173] However, after the political changes in 1989, this kind of citizenship was removed. Consulted online on 23 January 2018. These include the 4th century Rotunda of St. George, the walls of the Serdica fortress and the partially preserved Amphitheatre of Serdica. They can be considered as a single complex, and played an important role in preserving the Bulgarian spiritual heritage during the centuries of Ottoman occupation. The city is known for its 49 mineral and thermal springs. These key elements include assessing inmates risks and needs (classification), assigning inmates to housing, meeting inmates basic needs, setting and conveying behavioral expectations, supervising inmates, and keeping inmates productively occupied. [48], Summers are quite warm and sunny. Only over 1% of the juridically married do not de facto live within marriage. The Boyana Film studios was at the centre of a once-thriving domestic film industry, which declined significantly after 1990. A double perimeter, razor ribbon reinforced, alarmed and patrolled fence is required for this level of security. In the 15th and 16th century, Sofia was expanded by Ottoman building activity. Two natural sciences museumsthe Natural History Museum and Earth and Mandisplay minerals, animal species (alive and taxidermic) and rare materials. Besides the city proper, the 24 districts of Sofia Municipality encompass three other towns and 34 villages. : +359 2 4918345 E-mail: tourist@info-sofia.bg, Tel. [132], Under Bulgaria's centralised political system, Sofia concentrates much of the political and financial resources of the country. The Thracians, Iztok Zapad, Sofia, 2011. Sofia is the second highest capital of the European Union (after Madrid) and the third highest capital of Europe (after Andorra la Vella and Madrid). Kliment Ohridski, Tel. This document also provides guidelines for designing a classification system specifically for women. Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union. Since the 18th century the beylerbeys of Rumelia often stayed in Bitola, which became the official capital of the province in 1826. The city is ranked 62nd among financial centres worldwide. Sofia also connects The Near East and The Middle East, lying between the banks of the Danube and the shores of the White Sea on the one hand, and between the Black Sea and the Adriatic on the other. The driest recorded year was 2000 with a total precipitation of 304.6mm (11.99in), while the wettest year on record was 2014 with a total precipitation of 1,066.6mm (41.99in). [citation needed] During the war, Sofia was flown by the Romanian Air Corps, which engaged on photoreconnaissance operations and threw propaganda pamphlets to the city. [194][195] The Sofia Metro became operational in 1998, and now has four lines and 47 stations. Its Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy will operate the largest cyclotron in the country. Akademai Klado, 1966. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Serdica became part of the First Bulgarian Empire during the reign of Khan Krum in 809, after a long siege. In 1530 Sofia became the capital of the Ottoman province (beylerbeylik) of Rumelia for about three centuries. During May and June, The Palace of Culture welcomes performers participating in the festival Sofia Music Weeks. The capitals many theaters and galleries offer a wide range of interesting exhibits and shows. During the 1970s and the 1980s multiple ski slopes of varying difficulty were made available. The Vitosha Nature Park (the oldest national park in the Balkans)[118] includes most of Vitosha mountain and covers an area of 266 square kilometres (103sqmi),[119] with roughly half of it lying within the municipality of Sofia. Its largest branch is Kvadrat 500, located on the NFGA premises, where some 2,000 works are on display in twenty eight exhibition halls. [100], In 1382/1383 or 1385, Sredets was seized by the Ottoman Empire in the course of the Bulgarian-Ottoman Wars by Lala ahin Pasha, following a three-month siege. From 1018-1094, Sredets was under Byzantine rule, but remained an important strategic, economic, and cultural center. [122] The mayor Yordanka Fandakova is serving a third consecutive term, having won the 2015 election at first round with 238,500 votes,[123] or 60.2% of the vote, when Reformist Bloc opponent Vili Lilkov was second with 9.6%; the turnout was 41.25%. In 1858 Nedelya Petkova created the first Bulgarian school for women in the city. [8], For a long time the city possessed[29] a Thracian name, Serdica (Ancient Greek: .mw-parser-output .polytonic{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek",Athena,"EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre",Cardo,"Gentium Plus",Gentium,Garamond,"Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",FreeSerif,FreeSans,"Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande",Code2000,sans-serif} Serdik, or Sardik; Latin: .mw-parser-output .script-latin{font-family:"Palemonas MUFI","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Garamond Libre","Cormorant Garamond",Cormorant,Cardo,"ETBookOT","ETBembo","Junicode New","Junicode","Andron Freefont LAT","PFEFFER MEDIVAL","Open Baskerville","Adobe Garamond Pro","Adobe Caslon Pro","Baskerville Ten","Garamond",serif}Serdica or Sardica), derived from the tribe Serdi, who were either of Thracian,[16][18] Celtic,[30] or mixed Thracian-Celtic origin. The Ethnographic Museum and the Museum of Military History hold large collections of Bulgarian folk costumes and armaments, respectively. By clicking Allow All, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation. It discusses key components of an OJC system, including instruments that use reliable and valid criteria, overrides by classification staff, staff training and commitment to OJC, and a housing plan that is consistent with classification outcomes. Overall, Sofia has 186km (116 miles) of railway lines. One of Sofias favorite spots for both visitors and residents is Vitosha Boulevard. [141] As of 2015[update], the consumer-reported perceived crime risk on the Numbeo database was "high" for theft and vandalism and "low" for violent crimes; safety while walking during daylight was rated "very high", and "moderate" during the night. It was the capital of the important Sanjak of Sofia as well, including the whole of Thrace with Plovdiv and Edirne, and part of Macedonia with Thessaloniki and Skopje. [130] One of the three buildings in the architectural ensemble, the former Bulgarian Communist Party headquarters, is due to become the seat of the Parliament. Manufacturing has registered a strong recovery since 2012, increasing the exports three-fold and the employment by 52% accounting for over 70,000 jobs. In Sofia there are 607,473 dwellings and 101,696 buildings. Most prominent churches such as Saint Sofia and Saint George were converted into mosques, and a number of new ones were constructed, including Banya Bashi Mosque built by the renowned Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan. NY: Harry N. Abrams Inc., 1998. Avian Remains from an Early Neolithic Settlement of Slatina (Present Sofia City, Bulgaria). A view of the valley from the south. We provide training to help local jurisdictions learn the core elements of CITs and assess agency readiness to start a CIT. [127], Sofia is the seat of the executive (Council of Ministers), legislative (National Assembly) and judiciary (Supreme Court and Constitutional Court) bodies of Bulgaria, as well as all government agencies, ministries, the National Bank, and the delegation of the European Commission. Public investments in infrastructure, education and local economy brought greater diversity to the city. [68] Solid fuel used for heating and motor vehicle traffic are significant sources of pollutants. This is due to the fact that three temples of three major world religionsChristianity, Islam and Judaismare situated close together: Sveta Nedelya Church, Banya Bashi Mosque and Sofia Synagogue. [101] The 16th century was marked by a wave of persecutions against the Bulgarian Christians, a total of nine became New Martyrs in Sofia and were sainted by the Orthodox Church, including George the New (1515), Sophronius of Sofia (1515), George the Newest (1530), Nicholas of Sofia (1555) and Terapontius of Sofia (1555).[104]. According to the census, 1,056,738 citizens (87.9%) are recorded as ethnic Bulgarians, 17,550 (1.5%) as Romani, 6,149 (0.5%) as Turks, 9,569 (0.8%) belonged to other ethnic groups, 6,993 (0.6%) do not self-identify and 105,762 (8.8%) remained with undeclared affiliation. A fundamental principle of ODRC classification processes is to place individuals in the least restrictive setting possible that is still sufficient to ensure the safety and security of persons, the institution, and the community. 18792004". [196] As of 2012[update], the system has 39km (24mi) of track. The largest group of the population aged over 20 are recorded to live within marriage (46.3%), another 43.8% are recorded as single and another 9.9% as having other type of coexistence/partnership, whereas not married in total are a majority and among people aged up to 40 and over 70. The most dynamic sectors include Information technology (IT) and manufacturing. The neolithic village in Slatina dating to the 5th6th millennium BC is documented. [103], During the initial stages of the Crusade of Varna in 1443, it was occupied by Hungarian forces for a short time in 1443, and the Bulgarian population celebrated a mass Saint Sofia Church. [69] The European Commission has taken Bulgaria to court over its failure to curb air pollution. In 1382, the city fell to the Ottomans. Name . The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. The city was destroyed in the 447 invasion of the Huns and laid in ruins for a century[80] It was rebuilt by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I. ODRC attempts to place incarcerated individuals in an appropriate security level prison in a geographic area reasonably close to the incarcerated individual's home to facilitate visitation by loved ones. Of these 864 do not have any water supply and 688 have other than communal. In the churchs crypt, there is an exhibit of Orthodox Christian art. Capitals of European states and territories. Sofia (/sofi, sf-, sofi/ SOH-fee-, SOF-;[14][15] Bulgarian: , romanized:Sofiya,[16][17] IPA:[sfij] (listen)) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria. Sofia was selected as the capital of the Third Bulgarian State in the next year, ushering a period of intense demographic and economic growth. The Parliament Building, Monument to the Liberator (in honor of the Russian Tsar Alexander II, who was instrumental in freeing Bulgaria from Ottoman rule), and the campus of Sofia University Saint Kliment Ohradski are three more of the citys major symbols. Level 1 - The lowest security level in the classification system. The authors examine issues related to classification of female jail inmates by profiling the female inmate population and discussing problems associated with using a single classification system for both male and female inmates or a gender-neutral system. The urban area of Sofia hosts some 1.54million[9] residents within 5723km2, which comprises Sofia City Province and parts of Sofia Province (Dragoman, Slivnitsa, Kostinbrod, Bozhurishte, Svoge, Elin Pelin, Gorna Malina, Ihtiman, Kostenets) and Pernik Province (Pernik, Radomir), representing 5.16% of the country territory. Line 1 provides a connection to Plovdiv, the second-largest city in Bulgaria, while Line 2 is the longest national railway and connects Sofia and Varna, the largest coastal city. (AP) The hunt is on for an inmate who walked away from a low-level corrections cente Calls for prison reform in Mississippi after inmate murders and escapes Tuesday, January 7, 2020 Over the last 10 days, five inmates were killed in different Mississippi state prisons. Multinationals with major research, development, innovation and engineering centers in Sofia include the second largest global IT center of Coca-Cola,[175] Ubisoft,[176] Hewlett-Packard,[177] VMware,[178] Robert Bosch GmbH,[179] Financial Times,[180] Experian, etc. [146] Over the past two decades, numerous independent cinemas have closed and most shows are in shopping centre multiplexes. The Federal Bureau of Prisons compiled a list of all medium-security prisons. The architecture of Sofia's centre is thus a combination of Neo-Baroque, Neo-Rococo, Neo-Renaissance and Neoclassicism, with the Vienna Secession also later playing an important part, but it is most typically Central European. [167], The city's GDP (PPS) per capita stood at 29,600 ($33,760) in 2015, one of the highest in Southeast Europe and well above other cities in the country. Sofia is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Bulgaria alongside coastal and mountain resorts. However, the end of the old administration and centrally planned system also paved the way for chaotic and unrestrained construction, which continues today. [181] Several office and tech clusters have been established across the city, including Business Park Sofia, Sofia Tech Park, Capital Fort and others. "Guttenberg". However, due to the bad communication between the private offshore company that runs the resort and Sofia municipality, most of the ski areas have been left to decay in the last 10 years, so that only one chairlift and one slope work. In 1925, a terrorist act of ultra-leftists failed their attempted assassination of the king but resulted in the destruction of the Saint Nedelya Church and many victims. There are different boulevards and streets in the city with a higher amount of traffic than others. In 1870 the Bulgarian revolutionary Vasil Levski established a revolutionary committee in the city and in the neighbouring villages. Sofia is also home to Bulgarias most prestigious and largest educational institutions universities, colleges, and middle schools that offer solidly-grounded, up-to-date instruction in such disciplines as Architecture, Medicine, The Humanities, Engineering, Music and Choreography, and Fine Arts. [28] The metropolitan region of Sofia is inhabited by a population of 1.66million. Vitosha mountain is a popular hiking destination due to its proximity and ease of access via car and public transport. In the coldest days temperatures can drop below 15C (5F), most notably in January. [140] According to a survey, almost a third of Sofia's residents say that they never feel safe in the Bulgarian capital, while 20% always feel safe. One of the most popular tourist destinations in Sofia, the church can hold roughly 5,000 people, and on important Christian holidays, it is filled with believers. [190], Public transport is well-developed with bus (2,380km (1,479mi)),[191] tram (308km (191mi))[192] and trolleybus (193km (120mi))[193] lines running in all areas of the city. The assembly members are chosen every four years. Since Mount Vitosha is a preferred destination for the capitals residents, its fields and paths are alive with nature lovers. The highest recorded temperature is 41C (106F) (5 July 2000 and 24 July 2007). Smog thus persists over the city as temperature inversions and the mountains surrounding the city prevent the circulation of air masses. It was liberated five centuries later, in 1878, and on April 3, 1879, it was declared the capital of the newly-liberated Bulgarian nation. The heat distribution piping network is 900km (559mi) long and comprises 14,000 substations and 10,000 heated buildings. The city is built west of the Iskar river, and has many mineral springs, such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths. There are two ice skating complexes the Winter Sports Palace with a capacity of 4,600 and the Slavia Winter Stadium with a capacity of 2,000, both containing two rinks each. The Museum of Socialist Art includes many sculptures and posters that educate visitors about the lifestyle in communist Bulgaria. The Polytechnical Museum has more than 1,000 technological items on display. [182] Supported by the city's R&D expertise, Sofia is shifting to high value-added manufacturing including electrical equipment, precision mechanics, pharmaceuticals. Among its highlights is the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, one of the symbols of Bulgaria, constructed in the late 19th century. The Georgi Dimitrov Mausoleum, where Dimitrov's body had been preserved in a similar way to the Lenin mausoleum, was demolished in 1999. Sofia was declared the national capital in 1879. During the winter, the ski resort on Mount Vitosha is a favorite choice among skiers and snowboarders alike, and during the summer it is a favorite place for hikers and picnickers. Being a pedestrian zone, it is a very pleasant place for strolling and relaxation. Financial centres worldwide prison classification is a popular hiking destination due to its proximity and ease of via... 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