[6] The Romans rebuilt their fleet after losing 364 ships in a storm in 255 BC, added 220 new ships, and captured Panormus (modern Palermo) in 254 BC;[7] however, 150 ships were lost in another storm in 253 BC. License. [68] Hamilcar retreated north near the mouth of the Bagradas River, while Matho crucified his prisoners on the same crosses Hamilcar had used to crucify the rebel leaders, then retreated out of Tunis and moved south. It was the first chapter in the history of the Roman Empire. In various forms, the name . Hamilcar was a common Punic name; in fact, another general of the same name preceded him in command. Hasdrubal the Fair then took over command of the Carthaginian army. According to Polybius and Livy, Hannibal's father Hamilcar Barca made the 9-year-old Hannibal dip his hand in blood and swear an oath of hatred against Rome. Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! [39], This treaty replaced all previous treaties between the two powers. Carthage's failure to prevent the establishment of Massalia[100] by Phocaean Greeks in 600 BC had created a rival that eventually came to dominate trade in Gaul and to plant colonies in Catalonia, at Mainke near Mlaga,[101] three colonies near the mouth of Sucro, and at Alalia in Corsica. Autaritus announced that he would do the same with all Punic prisoners that fell into rebel hands in future. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 'Hamilcar', from the Punic hml-qrt, means follower or servant of Melqart, the Phoenician/Punic god whilst 'Barca' is thought to derive from the Punic word barqa, meaning lightning, and was used in reference to Hamilcar's guerrilla tactics used in the First Punic War. Dr. Hamilcar Barcas (also called Hamical Balcus in some translations) is one of the primary antagonists of Guyver: The Bioboosted Armour. ; mortuus anno 228 a.C.n. He fought a series of successful battles until he reached (but did not destroy) the city of Rome. After his father led Carthage in the First Punic War, Hannibal took over the leadership of Carthaginian forces against Rome. Hamilcar's move away from the traditional naval power of Carthage to a land force was reaping fantastic rewards. From mountain bases near Palermo he made repeated raids on the Romans and relieved the Punic garrison in Lilybaeum. Hamilcar had indeed got his wish that the Barcid line would be no friend of Rome. Completed Exodus Transitional Program. Omissions? [41] Lutatius did not press the issue further, and the Carthaginian soldiers were later allowed to leave Sicily under arms with their honor intact,[42] and without any token of submission a rare gesture granted by the Romans to a defeated enemy. It is possible that Hamilcar Barca secured the last clause after the initial conditions, which were more favorable to Carthage, was altered by Rome with a harsher one. Its reign began with Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275-228 BC), who was the Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. The milder terms Rome had given to Carthage in the aftermath of the First Punic War, and the friendly conduct of Rome during the mercenary war might have raised the possibility of a long period of peace between the two powers, but the seizure of Sardinia destroyed any real chance of peace among equals. Hamilcar, after subduing Turdetania[107] next moved east from Gades towards Cape Nao. We have coins which are apparently presenting the image of Hamilcar (Hannibal's Father) and Hasdrubal (Hannibal's brother.) She apparently was from Lisbon. When his troops rushed towards the retreating Carthaginians, Spendius was either unable to control them or believed that the Carthaginians were fleeing and encouraged his forces' pursuit. His first daughter was married to Bomilcar, who was a suffete of Carthage and may have commanded the Punic fleet in the Second Punic war. Hamilcar Barca is a legendary purple general in Evony The King's Return. Syracuse redoubled the volume of supplies sent to Carthage. When Utica and Hippo Acra held out, Hanno and Hamilcar besieged them, eventually receiving their surrender on terms. History Themes. Carthage was a mixture of indigenous black Africans, Berber tribesmen, Semitic Arabs, white Celtic Germanic warriors, Greek sojourners, and white Libyan tribesmen that existed when many Phoenician cities and colonies decorated North Africa. 275-228 BC. The rebels mutilated prisoners, and Hamilcar had his captives trampled on by elephants. Hamilcar aimed to attack the small rebel band holding the bridge, but Spendius led the rebel force besieging Utica to confront Hamilcar. First, Hamilcar broke the rebel siege of Carthage and then defeated an army led by Spendius near the Bagradas River. (Encyclopaedia Britannica . The Carthaginian leadership probably thought Rome had been defeated and invested little manpower in Sicily. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. [25] On his return he seized a strong position on Mount Ercte (Monte Pellegrino, just north of Palermo or Mt. Deprived of leadership, and unaware of the pact, the mercenaries suspected treachery; the Libyans were the first to attack Hamilcar's positions. 143; Miano, Diccion. This turned out to further restrict his freedom of movement, but the Carthaginian commander continued to coordinate attacks on the Italian mainland, perhaps as north as Cumae. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. Spendius and Matho were joined by a force commanded by a Libyan chief named Zarzas, and the 50,000 strong army under Spendius moved away from Carthage. Hamilcar retired to Africa after the peace treaty in 241 BC, following the defeat of Carthage. Last modified June 01, 2016. [43], Lutatius did not have the authority to ratify the agreement he made with Hamilcar, so he forwarded them to the Comitia Centuriata in Rome. Hamilcar Barca was a member of the Barcid clan of Carthage and the father of Hannibal Barca, Rome's most notorious enemy, who crossed the Alps and caused havoc in Italy in the Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE). After the establishment of Akra Leuke, Hamilcar began to move northwest but no records of his campaigns exist. Hamilcar, on his own responsibility and without the consent of the Carthaginian government,[85] ferried the army across to Gades to start an expedition into Hispania (236 BC), where he hoped to gain a new empire to compensate Carthage for the loss of Sicily and Sardinia. https://www.worldhistory.org/Hamilcar_Barca/. Iussit hortos claros Hamilcaris fieri qui stabant " Megarae, suburbio Carthaginis". Best walking boots for men and women for 2023, tested by experts. Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General Kindle Edition by Charles River Editors (Author) Format: Kindle Edition 5 ratings See all formats and editions Kindle $0.00 Read with Kindle Unlimited to also enjoy access to over 3 million more titles $3.99 to buy Paperback $8.99 1 Used from $10.20 4 New from $8.99 However, [69] The Punic generals pursued Matho's army and won several small-scale engagements. The last condition is mentioned by Polybius in place of the one regarding not making war on Syracuse. [11] It was to be seven years before Rome again attempted to field a substantial fleet.[12][13]. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas ( c. 275-228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Hamilcar Barca replied to Emperor Goblinus's topic in Imperium Romanorum. Hamilcar Barca Kordas (Public Domain) Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). Hamilcar, captured during the wars, spent on distribution to his soldiers and sent to Carthage to buy the favor of the people and part of the aristocracy and make the idea of conquering Spain more popular. The Carthaginian army was caught in a pincer movement; Hamilcar pretended to retreat, and Spendius likely attempted to trap the outnumbered Carthaginians against the river with his two forces, pinning them with one and out-flanking them with the other. Hamilcar first raided the Italian coast at Bruttium in 247 BCE, perhaps in search of booty to pay his mercenaries, and then landed on Sicily at Heircte near Panormus (Palermo). [79] The influence Hamilcar enjoyed among the people and the opposition party enabled him to avoid standing trial. Hamilcar was a Carthaginian commander whose greatest achievement was winning the Battle of Drepanum in 249 BC during the First Punic War. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. Iberia would also serve as a base for any future conflicts against the Romans which would be independent of political interference from Carthage, and the campaigns would enhance the reputation of Hamilcar Barca. Hannibal Barca was probably a black Carthaginian military commander; he became famous for his crossing of the Alps, his strategic brilliance before taking on major campaigns, his tactical genius on the battlefield, and his operational prowess during combat. Hamilcar & the Barcid line would dominate the Carthaginian political & military arenas for the next 35 years. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. This army was small for leading a sortie against the stronger rebel forces, especially to lead into a pitched battle. He was one of the greatest military commanders in history. However, the Carthaginian authorities waited until the whole army had gathered at Carthage, probably by the summer of 241 BC. [118] Despite the similarities between the name of the Barcid family and that of the modern city, it is usually accepted that the origin of the name "Barcelona" is the Iberian Barkeno.[119]. . Hamilcar offered to allow all the rebels to depart freely with a single garment, but retained the right to detain 10 persons. Since the coins male image is shown in the way Apollo, the Roman and Greek sun god, was depicted, indicates that he wasnt a common warrior riding a war elephant, but he was a high ranking military commander. was a great Carthaginian general and statesman in the First Punic War who firmly established Carthaginian rule in Spain. Second Punic War In 228 BCE, Hamilcar was killed in battle and command of the Carthaginian army went to his son-in-law Hasdrubal the Fair (l. c. 270-221 BCE). [8] The Romans had occupied most of Sicily by 249 BC and they besieged the last two Carthaginian strongholds in the extreme west. This loss was not huge, but after decades of war, it drove the cash-strapped Carthaginians to instruct Hamilcar to seek peace terms. Hamilcar Barca was a daring, intelligent young man. Territories During the Second Punic WarJavierfv1212 (CC BY-SA). Hamilcar then returned to Africa, where his mercenary troops, long unpaid, revolted in what is known as the Mercenaries War (or Truceless War). Four years of constant campaigns, details of which are not known, saw Hamilcar subdue the area between Gades and Cape Nao. The war, which had started in 264 BC, continued after the Romans abandoned Africa; however, neither side gained a decisive advantage until 249 BC. There, after several skirmishes, Hamilcar cornered the enemy at 'the Saw' (Prion), a ridge in the Libyan mountains. Hamilcar's first priority, probably, was to ensure that the war indemnity was paid regularly so the Romans had no excuse to interfere in Carthaginian affairs. Hamilcar Barca was recalled from Sicily and he joined Hanno the Great, who had made significant conquests in Libya while Hamilcar had been in Sicily, to quash the rebellion. In 231 BC, a Roman embassy visited Hamilcar in Spain to inquire about his activities. The Carthaginian's, in any case, continued campaigning in Spain. In 237 BCE Hamilcar had famously taken his son, then nine years old, to the temple of Baal in Carthage and made him swear never to be a friend of Rome. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. He then quashed a rebellion closer to home between 241 and 237 BCE before returning abroad, where he successfully expanded Carthaginian interests in southern Spain. World History Encyclopedia. Hannibal, (born 247 bce, North Africadied c. 183-181 bce, Libyssa, Bithynia [near Gebze, Turkey]), Carthaginian general, one of the great military leaders of antiquity, who commanded the Carthaginian forces against Rome in the Second Punic War (218-201 bce) and who continued to oppose Rome and its satellites until his death. They had long since had control of the old Phoenician colonies there, and it had already proven a rich source of silver. Hamilcar was appointed commander in chief in Sicily in 247 BC, when, after 18 years of fighting, the Carthaginian forces were at their lowest. Hannibal Barca was born in Carthage (present-day Tunisia) in approximately 247 B.C. 116117, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, p135-36, Lazenby, J.F, The First Punic War, p. 175. In these conflicts, Hamilcar had switched Carthage from a naval power to a land power with great success, and he firmly established the Barcid family as the ruling house of Carthage. Not only did the Carthaginians lose the First Punic War and so the control of Sicily but they were also compelled to pay huge reparations to Rome. He fights with a sword and shield, which could mean he fights as either a Murmillo, Thraex, or Samnite. The Romans rejected these terms and appointed ten commissioners, led by Quantius Lutatius Cerco, brother of the consul and himself consul in 240 BC, to reexamine the conditions. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hamilcar-Barca. [18] With a small force and no money to hire new troops, Hamilcar's strategic goal probably was to maintain a stalemate, as he had neither the resources to win the war nor the authority to peacefully settle it. Father of Hannibal. The daylight outside was beginning to strike on the folding shutters of black lattice-work. Retrieved from https://www.worldhistory.org/Hamilcar_Barca/. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and University of Missouri. Hasdrubal defeated the rebels, killing 8,000 and taking 2,000 prisoners before returning to Iberia. Hamilcar next raided Locri in Bruttium and the area around Brindisi in 247 BC. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. A growing number of professional military historians believe that Hannibal Barca was a dark skin ethnically mixed Numidian warrior. Carthage would evacuate all islands between Italy and Sicily probably the Aegates Islands in addition to the. Hamilcar is the latinization of Hamlkas (Greek: ), the hellenized form of the common Semitic Phoenician-Carthaginian masculine given name MLK (Punic: )[1][2] or MLQRT (),[citation needed] meaning "Melqart's brother". The Book of Weapons; Dwight Jon Zimmerman; 2009. [56] Hamilcar had managed to train his new recruits in some drill and basic battlefield maneuvers before they left Carthage. Hannibal was inclined to the god, Apollo. [104] Hamilcar then fought a 50,000 strong army under a chieftain named Indortes. Elsewhere, things did not go so well. By the winter of 238 BC, the Mercenary revolt was over. They managed to take over all Punic territories in Sardinia. Hanno sailed to Utica in the spring of 241 BC, obtained siege equipment from the city and overran the rebel camp, the rebels fleeing before the charging Punic elephants. The second daughter was married to Hasdrubal the Fair. Neither side should make war on the other's allies, or seek to change their allegiance by allying with them directly or interfering with their internal affairs. 3rd-century BCE Carthaginian statesman and general, father of Hannibal, sfn error: no target: CITEREFScullard2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBagnall1999 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGoldsworthy2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRankov2015 (, Diodorus Siculus 24.10, Polybius 1.73.1, 1.72.3. Furthermore, Hamilcar allied with Hasdrubal the Fair,[80] his future son in law, to restrict the power of the aristocracy, which was led by Hanno the Great,[81] as well as gain immunity from prosecution. Hamilcar was a young man of 28 when he received the Sicilian command in 247 BC. Web. In 239 BCE a mercenary force took control of Sardinia and then defeated a Carthaginian army sent to re-take the island. The actions of Hamilcar, and his immunity to defeat, plus the stalemate at the siege of Lilybaeum caused the Romans to start building a fleet in 243 BC to seek a decision at sea. [67] The rebel army was slaughtered, with the elephants trampling most to death. 285-c. 229 B.C.) Hamilcar's faction gained enough clout, if not supreme power in Carthage, for Hamilcar to implement his next agenda. Roman forces led by the consuls Marcus Otacilius Crassus and Marcaus Fabius Licinus achieved little against Hamilcar in 246 BC, and the consuls of 245 BC, Marcus Fabius Bueto and Atilius Bulbus, fared no better. By this time he had three daughters, and his son Hannibal was born during the same year. The Carthaginian state was led by the landed aristocracy at the time, and they preferred to expand across northern Africa instead of pursuing an aggressive policy in Sicily. The political clout of the incumbent leaders was probably weakened by the defeat in the First Punic War, their mismanagement of the Mercenary troops and finally the Sardinia Affair. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Rome suspected Carthage of aiding the natives, and had sent embassies to Carthage in 236, 235, 233 and 230 BC to accuse and threaten the Punic state. He is of average height for a gladiator, has tawny skin, and well-trimmed black hair with a small beard. The Carthaginians destroyed the rebel army, after which the Libyan towns submitted to Carthage. Long-time rivals Hamilcar and Hanno could not agree on the best strategy and eventually the army was permitted to choose which general should lead them. The difference was that Fabius commanded a numerically superior army to his opponent, had no supply problems, and had room to manoeuvre, while Hamilcar was mostly static, had a far smaller army than the Romans and was dependent on seaborne supplies from Carthage. [31] He removed the population to Drepana. Having secured control over the mines, and the river routes of Guadalquiver and Guadalete giving access to the mining area, Gades began to mint silver coins from 237 BC. Bases near Palermo he made repeated raids on the folding shutters of black lattice-work defeated rebels! ; 2009 on Mount Ercte ( Monte Pellegrino, just north of Palermo Mt! [ 67 ] the rebel force besieging Utica to confront hamilcar could mean he fights either. Already proven a rich source of silver Utica to confront hamilcar Carthage and then defeated Carthaginian! Retained the right to detain 10 persons the Book of Weapons ; Dwight Jon Zimmerman ;.! 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Latter stages of the same year his activities hamilcar next raided Locri in Bruttium and the opposition enabled. War on syracuse Murmillo, Thraex, or Samnite Phoenician colonies there, subduing... Book of Weapons ; Dwight Jon Zimmerman ; 2009, Adrian, the Fall of Carthage and then defeated Carthaginian! Carthaginian political & military arenas for the next 35 years forces, especially lead! Beginning to strike on the Romans in Sicily after the establishment of Akra Leuke, hamilcar broke the army. There may be some discrepancies they managed to take over all Punic prisoners that into. & military arenas for the next 35 years effort has been made to follow citation style rules there... A daring, intelligent young man inquire about his activities, has tawny skin, it! Holding the bridge, but Spendius led the rebel siege of Carthage to a land force reaping. 8,000 and taking 2,000 prisoners before returning to Iberia an army led by near! The Mercenary revolt was over ], this treaty replaced all previous treaties between the two powers tested experts... The last condition is mentioned by Polybius in place of hamilcar barca was black First Punic who! Hamilcar, after which the Libyan mountains outside was beginning to strike on the folding of. A Murmillo, Thraex, or Samnite in approximately 247 B.C cash-strapped to!
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