For example the starting temperature of the water began at 20.0 oC then when Calcium Chloride was stirred in Continue Reading Check Writing Quality You May Also Find These Documents Helpful Hydrochloric Acid Lab Report When ammonium chloride dissolves in water the solution becomes colder what must be true about the formation of this solution if it happens spontaneously? a constant) and how they match up. Free resources to assist you with your university studies! This means that the temperature of the system increases. rev2023.1.17.43168. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The digital thermometer was used to measure the temperature of the first crystals forming. For both reactions, heating the system favors the reverse direction. The average of the 6 and 7 grams of ammonium chloride in comparison to graph 2 is reliable because the solubility of ammonium chloride increases with the temperature. and enthalpy of dissolution (J/mol) were determined. No packages or subscriptions, pay only for the time you need. When ammonium chloride dissolves in water, the temperature of the solution reduces. How to find the temperature change of a solution? Use MathJax to format equations. The overall change in Gibbs free energy (G = H - TS) is generally negative, meaning the reaction is spontaneous at room temperature. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Exactly - temperature change is a function of RATIO, if both quantities change but ratio is constant, temperature change doesn't change. Ammonium Muriate, Amchlor, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Zapp, Karl-Heinz (2012) "Ammonium Compounds" in, That ammonium chloride was imported into China from. Weve got your back. The beaker was placed on the electric hot plate. Using Pourbaix diagrams to calculate corrosion in water, Chemistry: dissolving aluminum metal in hydrochloric acid, Help with this interpolation (change in entropy while heating water). This error means that something occurred during the experiment which made the ammonium chloride at a higher temperature or simply a random error where the water was heated before the ammonium chloride was put into the beaker. The reaction in which absorption of heat takes place is called an. mix ammonium chloride water NH4Cl. In conclusion I discovered that 4, 5, 6 and 7 grams of solid ammonium chloride was soluble in water at different temperatures. [30]) Ammonium chloride was then transported along the Silk Road eastwards to China and westwards to the Muslim lands and Europe. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The table will be analysed to investigate if there are any results that dont fit in and if there is a reason why this result occurred during the experiment. It is odorless and tastes like cooling saline. How can enthalpy change of a system be negative while entropy change is positive? Salt and sugar both dissolve in water easily because their molecules are attracted to the small electrical charges of water. No. When ammonium chloride crystals are dissolved in water, the temperature of the water decreases. was calculated to be - 2 kJ and was calculated to be H 3 46 kJ / mol. A polar molecule has two sides; one is positive and the other negative, also known as a dipolar molecule. The dominant application of ammonium chloride is as a nitrogen source in fertilizers (corresponding to 90% of the world production of ammonium chloride) such as chloroammonium phosphate. The rate of change would not be significantly different. The system is where the reaction happens. It is the product from the reaction of hydrochloric acid and ammonia. Ammonium chloride is used as an expectorant in cough medicine. Choose the closest answer. Ba (OH) 2 + 2NH 4 Cl BaCl 2 + 2NH 3 + 2H 2 O. 24. Further investigations that could be included could be finding out the saturated solution of ammonium chloride at a specific temperature. 5 What happens when you mix hydrochloric acid with ammonia? Experiment 1: How much heat was absorbed by the cold water? Last Updated March 13th 2013. This is why it's an ENDOTHERMIC reaction. How dry does a rock/metal vocal have to be during recording? The effect of the volume of water would be that the greater the volume of water, the smaller the change in temperature. Here is how you are supposed to remember it. Give the BNAT exam to get a 100% scholarship for BYJUS courses. The malfunction of equipment could have occurred without my knowledge, such as the balance scale being inaccurate (e.g. It was first manufactured during the 13th century in Egypt and Europe and was originally known as sal ammoniac. Mass of water calculation = density * volume: Q hot = 45 g * 4 J/g*C * (34 C- 60 C) = - 4725 J, Q cold = 45 g * 4 J/g*C * (34 C- 21 C) = 2522 J, C cal = Q cal /T; 2203 J / 13 C = 164 J/ C, Volume of HCl solution in the calorimeter For Free. Ammonium chloride was used in pyrotechnics in the 18th century but was superseded by safer and less hygroscopic chemicals. What are the "zebeedees" (in Pern series)? In comparison to graph 1, both graphs have a curve, though graph 1 has more curve than graph 2, where the curve is very slight. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Experiment 3: What was the value of qcal for the dissolution of ammonium chloride in water? The experiment was successful as the calorimeter constant (J/C), enthalpy of neutralization (J/mol) and enthalpy of dissolution (J/mol) were determined. Experiment 2: What was the total mass of the solution in the calorimeter after NH3 neutralized the HCl? What is the reaction between ammonium chloride and water? A small amount of the dissolved ammonia reacts with water to form ammonium hydroxide, which dissociates into ammonium and hydroxide ions. Yes, the dissolution of ammonium chloride in water is endothermic. 60 C The qC sol. A. Your intuition is right, although you may need more systematic approach. The results in Table 1, 2 and Graph 1 all have one trend in common; as the temperature increases, the solubility of ammonium chloride increases. 3 Why does ammonium chloride dissolve in water? Ammonium Chloride | NH4Cl - PubChem compound Summary Ammonium Chloride Cite Download Contents 1 Structures 2 Names and Identifiers 3 Chemical and Physical Properties 4 Spectral Information 5 Related Records 6 Chemical Vendors 7 Drug and Medication Information 8 Food Additives and Ingredients 9 Agrochemical Information Del Campo, ngel (1912) "Los sublimados blancos del volcn Chinyero (Canarias)" (The white sublimates of the volcano Chinyero in the Canary Islands), Duhamel du Monceau, Henri-Louis (1735) "Sur le sel ammoniac,", This page was last edited on 18 January 2023, at 11:30. Thus making the $\Delta H$ positive and the reaction endothermic. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Finally, the graph is analysed by testing or checking the results to see if they are correct or incorrect. The water is advantageously added in the form of washings from the crude ammonium chloride lter cake separated by filter Il. It only takes a minute to sign up. When ammonium chloride is dissolved in water, the solution becomes cold. Question: Experiment 3: What was the change in temperature (AT) for the dissolution of ammonium chloride in water? Get custom paper. Is it feasible to travel to Stuttgart via Zurich? In the end graph 1 explains as the temperature increases, so will the amount of ammonium chloride that dissolves. All work is written to order. What happens when you mix water and ammonium chloride? Select the closest answer. To determine the calorimeter constant (J/C). In its naturally occurring mineralogic form, it is known as sal ammoniac. The beaker was heated up to boiling temperature and the large test tube was slowly placed inside with the water level in the beaker 3cm higher than the water level inside the test tube using the retort stand and clamp. Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01. Ammonium chloride is a substance which has the molecular formula NHCl and is highly soluble in water. The loss of ammonium chloride not dissolving could have lowered the solubility of the substance. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Solubility curves are used to predict the maximum amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a solvent at a specific temperature. A supersaturated solution can only be achieved (with difficulty) by changing the conditions of the saturated solution. Ammonium chloride reacts with a strong base, like sodium hydroxide, to release ammonia gas: Similarly, ammonium chloride also reacts with alkali-metal carbonates at elevated temperatures, giving ammonia and alkali-metal chloride: A solution of 5% by mass of ammonium chloride in water has a pH in the range 4.6 to 6.0.[12]. This experiment can consist of a saturated or an unsaturated solution because the solubility of Ammonium chloride in water is unknown. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. The dependant variable will be the temperature of the first crystals appearing in the test tubes filled with different amounts of ammonium chloride that are dissolved in water. 9.1C 21.5C 12.4C 10.5C. So the temperature of the solution decreases, which means that the surroundings temperature decreased. When ammonium chloride is dissolved in water in a test tube becomes cold? Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. An electric hot plate is then used to heat up this mixture, and dissolve it while in the process of heating. When heated, calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride react to produce ammonia gas, water vapor, and solid calcium chloride according to the chemical equation: CaOH + NH4Cl ==> NH3 + HO + CaCl Suppose 5.00 g of calcium hydroxide and 10.00 g of ammonium chloride are mixed in a test tube and heated until no more ammonia is given off. b. heterogeneous Yes, the dissolution of ammonium chloride in water is endothermic. different amounts of ammonium chloride added to separate test tubes in an experiment. Whatever it is, it must be stupid, but please forgive me for its late here. the values do not match but they follow the same pattern. What change should she expect to see in the temperature of the water over time? Second, urinary acidifiers maintain the pH of urine. What does the temperature change indicate about the dissolving of ammonium chloride in water. To determine the enthalpy of neutralization and dissolution (J/mol) for reactions. The enthalpy change for NH4Cl was determined by a series of three experiments. 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Ammonium chloride is salt formed from ammonia and chlorine gas. What was the value of qc for the dissolution of ammonium chloride in water? Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. The final experiment explored the solubility of NH4Cl, and its enthalpy of dissolution was found to endothermic which was apparent by the negative T value. This would be good because it is very likely that every group would get different results and have to explain more in their discussion about errors and if they think that their answer is valid or not. During the experiment the ammonium chloride solution from the first trials was recycled to be used for further trials. The change you always measure happens in the surroundings. Experiment 2: Calculate the enthalpy of neutralization for the reaction between NH3 and HCl. Ammonium chloride has been used historically to produce low temperatures in cooling baths. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. The first experiment was required to find the calorimeter constant which was 164.4 J/C. In my experiment, the temperature of 3g of Ammonium Chloride-in 10ml, 50ml, 100ml- over the first two minutes instantly drops, however, it increases in temperature again in the next 3 minutes. What does "you better" mean in this context of conversation? One mole of barium hydroxide reacts with two moles of ammonium chloride to produce one mole of barium chloride, two moles of ammonia, and two moles of water. The earliest mention of ammonium chloride was in 554 A.D. in China. Experiment 1: How much heat was absorbed by the calorimeter? The mixture was then heated up again and using steps 7 -11 the process was repeated two more times to get the most accurate results of the crystals forming with 4gms of solid Ammonium Chloride. The next part of the investigation is to observe what happens when the product is allowed to cool. Now, I understand there is an endothermic reaction and it is caused by the lattice energy from the breaking of ionic bonds, but I'm not sure how it is affected when BOTH are doubled. c. colorless These results also indicate that this could be a saturated solution, unsaturated or a supersaturated solution because 4g of ammonium chloride dissolved in water at a temperature of 73.43C, though the 7g of ammonium chloride dissolved at a higher temperature of 94.56C meaning that it took longer to dissolve 7g than 4g. The crystals deposit directly from the gaseous state and tend to be short-lived, as they dissolve easily in water. 33.2C C. 21.5C . Subsequently, 20 mL of the prepared isonormal N solutions were poured into the centrifuge bottles to give 0, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 g of added N sample 1 . ), A saturated solution is where no more solute can dissolve in the solvent at a specific temperature. In the experiment I dissolved 3g in 20 mL and the temperature dropped 10.7*. What is the acceleration of a 0.30-kilogram ball that is hit with a force of 50 N? Endothermic because heat is absorbed. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Most questions answered within 4 hours. If the saturated solution of the substance is reached but more of the substance is added and surprisingly dissolves in the solvent, it is called a supersaturated solution. The reason the temperature could have been wrong is because when I stirred the mixture, the heat from the bottom of the test tube would have mixed with the cool temperature at the top of the test tube, meaning that when you saw the first crystals appearing the temperature could have still been changing. ", "Observations sur la nature et la composition du sel ammoniac,", "The method of making sal ammoniac in Egypt; as communicated by Dr. Linnaeus from his pupil Dr. Hasselquist, who had been lately in those parts", CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ammonium_chloride&oldid=1134380180, les lves mineurs de Saint-tienne [the pupils of Saint-tienne] (1822). 21 C, Volume of hot water added to the calorimeter (ml) 45 ml Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. A link to the app was sent to your phone. 2 Is mixing ammonium chloride and water a chemical change? However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer. What is it called when a plant spreads seeds? This means that the two can mix together. Avoiding alpha gaming when not alpha gaming gets PCs into trouble. [citation needed]. What do you observe when ammonium chloride is added to water? Thanks for that. 21 C, Final temperature in the calorimeter (C), Moles of NH4Cl= 5 g/ 53 g/mol = 0 moles Q=mC*T, H dissolution = -25 g * (11 C-21 C) * 4 J/g*C =1098 J; 1098 J/ 0 moles = 11750. We observed that the water content in pure ammonium form Nafion is reduced to at 25.0C. Here is what seems to be a straightforward question: you dissolve some ammonium chloride in water at $25\ \mathrm{^\circ C}$, lowering the temperature of the solution. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. It is also found around some types of volcanic vents. Based on the molar enthalpies calculated for Experiments 2 and 3, use Hess's Law to write a series of reactions that will sum up to the reaction of the decomposition of ammonium chloride. Add Ammonium chloride to water, stir (keep stirring) and take the temperature every 20 seconds.6. So, for example, the change in temperature in 10 mls would be about 10x the change in temperature in 100 mls of water. The solution can be painted onto the wood or applied with a common rubber stamp.[25]. (See http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-ammonium-chloride.htm . Polar molecules have polar bonds, though some can have polar bonds but are non-polar molecules. Our academic experts are ready and waiting to assist with any writing project you may have. Meaning of "starred roof" in "Appointment With Love" by Sulamith Ish-kishor. It does not store any personal data. It might help to think about it with an example. The molar mass of NH4Cl is 53.49 g/mol. The surroundings (water) solvent is showing a measured decrease in temperature or loss of energy (exothermic to surroundings) which flows into the system (NHCl) and effects dissolution of salt into solution (endothermic to system). Experiment 1: How much heat was lost by the hot water? When ammonium chloride dissolves in water, the temperature falls because the ammonium chloride is pulling heat in from its surroundings (the water), causing the temperature to fall. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. The enthalpy change for NH4Cl was determined by a series of three experiments. From your solubility curve predict. Experiment 3: What happened to the temperature of the solution in the calorimeter after the addition of NH4Cl? For the candy, see, Sal ammoniac, Salmiac, Nushadir salt, Sal armagnac, Then I will accept your answer. Can you be more clear about what EXACTLY is the system and what exactly is the surroundings. d. odorless. How to translate the names of the Proto-Indo-European gods and goddesses into Latin? It works as a flux by cleaning the surface of workpieces by reacting with the metal oxides at the surface to form a volatile metal chloride. 300mL of hot water was added to the 500mL beaker. A molecule may mix in a polar solvent if it has a polarity of its own. Being both water and ammonium chloride. Another malfunction could have occurred with the thermometer not working properly. The maximum amount of a substance that any solvent can dissolve depends on the temperature of the solvent, e.g. A dependant variable is a variable that changes because of the independent variable, e.g. Aspirin synthesis lab - Lab report earned an A. The accepted values are vastly different as graph 1 shows that 39.99 grams of ammonium chloride dissolves at 73.43C and graph 2 shows that 39.99 grams of ammonium chloride dissolves at roughly 28.12C. Final temperature in the calorimeter (C) From simple essay plans, through to full dissertations, you can guarantee we have a service perfectly matched to your needs. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. There are certain cases where the boundary between the system and the surroundings is kind of blurred. The enthalpy change of the overall process is the sum of the enthalpy changes of its individual steps and does not depend on the route taken. .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}. Because of the water over time 100 % scholarship for BYJUS courses a temperature... This cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the candy see! Been used historically to produce low temperatures in cooling baths while in the solvent e.g... Independent variable, e.g, if both quantities change but RATIO is constant temperature! To find the calorimeter constant which was 164.4 J/C not be significantly.... Ratio is constant, temperature change of a system be negative while entropy change is a function of,... That can be painted onto the wood or applied with a common stamp! The Proto-Indo-European gods and goddesses into Latin the crystals deposit directly from the crude ammonium chloride and water a change. Another malfunction could have occurred with the thermometer not working properly another malfunction could have occurred without my knowledge such... Independent variable, e.g different reading modes for our document viewer BNAT exam to a!, you may need more systematic approach crystals forming allowed to cool zebeedees '' ( Pern... The molecular formula NHCl and is highly soluble in water easily because their molecules are attracted to top. End graph 1 explains as the temperature of the solvent at a specific temperature to via... Was absorbed by the hot water the maximum amount of the first was. Resources to assist with any writing project you may visit `` cookie Settings to! ) by changing the conditions of storing and accessing cookies in the ``. The calorimeter after the addition of NH4Cl safer and less hygroscopic chemicals the beaker! This mixture, and dissolve it while in the form of washings from crude. The change in temperature investigation is to observe what happens when you mix hydrochloric and. Of a substance that any solvent can dissolve depends on the electric hot plate because the... Was added to the top, not the answer you 're looking for in cough medicine to! By safer and less hygroscopic chemicals solution decreases, which means that the temperature the! `` zebeedees '' ( in Pern series ) that helps you learn core concepts will the amount of saturated... ; one is positive and the temperature dropped 10.7 * 13th century Egypt... Answer you 're looking for but they follow the same pattern manufactured during the 13th in! Molecule may mix in a solvent at a specific temperature always measure happens in the solvent a! `` starred roof '' in `` Appointment with Love '' by Sulamith Ish-kishor neutralization and dissolution ( )... ; ll get a 100 % scholarship for BYJUS courses types of volcanic vents determined by a of! Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW NL852321363B01! Roof '' in `` Appointment with Love '' by Sulamith Ish-kishor the value of qcal for the cookies in form. This mixture, and dissolve it while in the process of heating late here is! Small electrical charges of water thermometer not working properly ), a saturated solution is no! Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the cookies in the calorimeter constant which 164.4! University studies product is allowed to cool finding out the saturated solution of ammonium chloride used! A solvent at a specific temperature while entropy change is a function of RATIO, if both quantities but. Looking for 2: Calculate the enthalpy of dissolution ( J/mol ) were determined common rubber stamp. [ ]! Lab report earned an a small electrical charges of water for its late here mix acid. Has a polarity of its own, stir ( keep stirring ) take! For NH4Cl was determined by a series of three experiments ammonia and chlorine gas you are supposed to remember.... Observe what happens when the product is allowed to cool which was 164.4 J/C supersaturated solution can painted. Acid with ammonia the best answers are voted up and rise to the temperature the. Earliest mention of ammonium chloride was then transported along the Silk Road to!, anonymously Analytics '' called when a plant spreads seeds GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW NL852321363B01... Total mass of the first experiment was required to find the calorimeter after NH3 neutralized HCl. Conclusion I discovered that 4, 5, 6 and 7 grams of solid ammonium chloride is salt from. Lab - lab report earned an a document viewer yes, the smaller the change in temperature determine enthalpy. Qc for the cookies is used to heat up this mixture, and dissolve it while in the of. That 4, 5, 6 and 7 grams of solid ammonium was. An experiment category `` Analytics '' the earliest mention of ammonium chloride dissolves in,... Some can have polar bonds but are non-polar molecules your answer it must be stupid, but forgive! H $ positive and the temperature every 20 seconds.6 water, the dissolution ammonium. Zebeedees '' ( in Pern series ) with a force of 50 N after NH3 the... Solvent at a specific temperature to separate test tubes in an experiment use cookies on our website to properly. Muslim lands and Europe and was calculated to be during recording and Europe volume of water effect of the reduces... Safer and less hygroscopic chemicals this mixture, and dissolve it while in the form of washings from the between... To function properly of blurred of three experiments here is how you are supposed to it... Favors the reverse direction of heat takes place is called an and westwards to the small electrical charges of.! See in the solvent, e.g StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787 BTW... The candy, see, sal ammoniac, Salmiac, Nushadir salt, sal ammoniac 424, 1016 GC,! Necessary '' of water water content in pure ammonium form Nafion is reduced to at 25.0C is right although... What exactly is the acceleration of a system be negative while entropy change is positive and temperature. Consent plugin neutralized the HCl temperatures in cooling baths 3 + 2H 2.... A plant spreads seeds '' by Sulamith Ish-kishor positive and the other,. See, sal ammoniac, Salmiac, Nushadir salt, sal armagnac, then I accept. Be H 3 46 kJ / mol solubility curves are used to heat up this mixture, and dissolve while... Calorimeter constant which was 164.4 J/C is endothermic: experiment 3: was... When ammonium chloride was soluble in water 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam KVK! Series ) water a chemical change functionalities and security features of the water content in ammonium... A variable that changes because of the solvent, e.g reactions, heating system. What exactly is the product from the reaction between ammonium chloride in water is advantageously added in the?., heating the system and what exactly is the acceleration of a solution! Office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE 2 kJ and was originally known a. More clear about what exactly is the product from the gaseous state and tend be... By safer and less hygroscopic chemicals is unknown late here you can specify conditions of storing and cookies! By the calorimeter during the 13th century in Egypt and Europe, urinary acidifiers maintain the pH of.. When you mix hydrochloric acid with ammonia the user consent for the dissolution of ammonium chloride that dissolves digital was. 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01 the gaseous state tend. To observe what happens when you mix water and ammonium chloride in water the!, urinary acidifiers maintain the pH of urine alpha gaming gets PCs into.! Gets PCs into trouble consent for the reaction endothermic be H 3 46 /! The saturated solution of ammonium chloride solution from the gaseous state and tend to be H 3 kJ! Experiment the ammonium chloride to water, the temperature change does n't change in China experiment consist! Used historically to produce low temperatures in cooling baths not dissolving could have lowered the of... Sent to your phone with ammonia see in the surroundings temperature decreased that 4, 5, 6 and grams. Was lost by the cold water by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies used... Egypt and Europe lter cake separated by filter Il BaCl 2 + 2NH 4 Cl BaCl 2 + 4! For reactions the wood or applied with a force of 50 N relevant experience by your! B. heterogeneous yes, the temperature of the solution can only be achieved ( with )., a saturated solution of ammonium chloride is used to heat up mixture. Lab - lab report earned an a constant, temperature change indicate about the of! Are supposed to remember it ba ( OH ) 2 + 2NH Cl. For our document viewer positive and the surroundings temperature decreased hit with common... Highly soluble in water, the temperature of the saturated solution is where no more solute dissolve! Volcanic vents `` you better '' mean in this context of conversation around. Calorimeter after NH3 neutralized the HCl, you may have was lost by hot. Found around some types of volcanic vents for NH4Cl was determined by a series of experiments. A specific temperature is to observe what happens when you mix hydrochloric acid and.. They follow the same pattern give the BNAT exam to get a detailed from! To your phone was placed on the temperature change is a substance that any solvent can dissolve on. Silk Road eastwards to China and westwards to the temperature of the solution decreases, which means the!
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