Aqui se contiene una disputa, o controversia: entre el Obispo don fray Bartholome de las Casas, o Casaus, obispo que fue de la ciudad Real de Chiapa, que es en las Indias, parte de la nueva Espaa, y el doctor Gines de Sepulveda Coronista del Emperador nuestro seor: sobre que el doctor contendia: que las conquistas de las Indias contra los Indios eran licitas: y el obispo por el contrario defendio y affirmo aber sido y ser impossible no serlo: tiranicas, injustas y iniquas. This can be seen in a negative way also because some Indians voluntarily sacrificed themselves and werent subject to do it. Las Casas refutes this argument by saying that a proper goal for the Spaniards was to convert the Natives by peaceful means and to make them Spanish subjects. Part Two. Seplveda, a humanist lawyer born in 1490, was an important figure in the court of Charles V where he served as the Emperor's chaplain and his official historian. Where might the full text of this document be found? It can be said, however, that they are typically Renaissance views, a blend of traditions characteristic of the composite nature of the age's intellectual milieu. 20. Year 1552. Las Casas has been called the father of anti-imperialism and anti-racism, and he greatly influenced the drive to abolish the Spanish encomienda system. 44 It is important to note that from the very beginning the problem is set on decidedly political foundations. Blablawriting.com provide for you a wide variety of top-notch essay and term paper samples on any possible topics absolutely. Margaret Kohn "Colonialism", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta(ed. The Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas was Sepulveda's great antagonist in the debates of 1550- 1551 at Valladolid. Losada, A., Juan Gins de Seplveda a travs de su Epistolario y nuevos documentos (Madrid, 1949).Google Scholar Second, the rudeness of the natives which made it necessary for more refined people like the Spanish to educate them. He contradicted Sepulvedas assertions that the Indians were barbarous, that they committed crimes against natural law, that they oppressed and killed innocent people, and that wars should be waged against infidels. The significance of the argument of religion was to form a way of life that was seen as a compromise to both sides, the Spaniards and the Indians. Contrast Sepulveda's and Bartolome de Las Casas' view of Native Americans. The Natives were to be baptized by a priest and saved as a new born Christian. Why did the Zunis attacked the Spanish as the conquistadors approach them? A just war demands not only just cause and sound intentions, but also that it be waged in the right manner. DA, 27. Also, Sepulveda demonstrates through his opinion that war against the Indians is a rightful act due to the fact that the Indians are seen as lower beings. We use cookies to give you the best experience possible. White, Kevin (Washington, DC: Catholic University of America Press, 1997), 6987.Google Scholar, 13 Pagden, Anthony, The Fall of Natural Man (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), 45.Google Scholar, 14 See Elshtain, Jean Bethke, Just War against Terror: The Burden of American Power (New York: Basic Books, 2003), 6.Google Scholar, 15 Crawford, Neta, Just War Theory and the U.S. Counter-terror War, Perspectives on Politics 1, no. 31 Las Casas's admirers are numerous, and I list only some: Gutirrez, Gustavo, Las Casas: In Search of the Poor of Jesus Christ, trans. Also, Sepulveda demonstrates through his opinion that war against the Indians . What is the name of the civilization that lived in the four corners region? 23 Seplveda is not the first to apply the natural slave theory. See also Democrates primus (De convenientia disciplinae milharis cum Christiana Religione dialogus), in Opera, ed. In 1503, the Spaniards established the encomienda (from the Spanish encomendar to entrust), a system to organize the Indian population to meet the needs of the early colonial economy. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. 10 September 2010. Write down any clues that you find. Sepulveda argued against Las Casas on behalf of the colonists property rights. The Spaniards wanted to see the Yucatn peninsula in a vision of Spanish ideals and culture preferences forcefully passing on their Christian religion with the idea of expanding upon the Christian religion to cleanse them of their demons. Real Academia de la Historia (4 vols., Madrid, 1780), vol. Sepulveda thought that the Indians were uneducated individuals that were uncivilized in the way they conducted their lives. 4 (1998): 14356;CrossRefGoogle ScholarParekh, Bhikhu, Rethinking Multiculturalism: Cultural Diversity and Political Theory (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000);Google ScholarJanara, Laura, Brothers and Others: Tocqueville and Beaumont, U.S. Genealogy, Democracy, and Racism, Political Theory 32, no. In that year of 1500, the King determined to send a new governor to Hispaniola. In 1544, Seplveda wrote Democrates Alter (or, on the Just Causes for War Against the Indians). 1. Due to the reason of not understanding the ways of the Indians Spaniards such as Sepulveda came to conclusions that were unjust to the Indians. If Bartolom de Las Casas was alive today, to which current people might he direct his concern and attention? Then draw an arrow from each adverb to the word or words it modifies\ In light of his training and the expectations of his superiors, why was Las Casas taking a very risky stand in supporting the American Indians? Secondly, Seplveda acknowledges the supremacy of law in social and political life. 6. Early Life . He returned to Hispaniola in 1512 as the first ordained priest in the Americas and denounced the Spanish exploitation of the Indians and the military conquest of the New World. For the Natives it was unreasonable for excess clothing to be worn given the climate, but because the Spanish believed only their version of society was right, the Spaniards forced the Natives to change to adapt to their way of life. Open Document. For there is nothing more opposed to the so-called distributive justice than giving equal rights to unequal people; and to equate in favors, honor, or rights those who are superior in dignity, virtue, and merits to those who are inferior. Ibid., 119. Sepulveda argued against Las Casas on behalf of the colonists' property rights. 3 Pages. With the Spaniards in the Yucatn peninsula they show guidance to the Mayan culture and bringing them into the light spiritually to cleanse them and show them the righteous religion, This is ironic because it is visible in Chief Josephs letter that they were passive people. What did the Pueblo's do on a prearranged day in 1680? In all, Juan Gines de Sepulveda's argument supports the idea that some human beings were created by God to be slaves and concludes that the New World natives were in this category. 39 Todorov, The Conquest of America, 16365. } A Dominican friar nurtured Las Casass interest in the priesthood as well as his sympathy toward the suffering of the native inhabitants. 3 President George W. Bush, at www.whitehouse.gov.news/releases/2002/01/20020129-11.html (accessed May 10, 2008). Fourthly, to open the way to the propagation of the Christian faith, and to facilitate the task of its preachers. Ibid., 8393. From the perspective of the historical period in which each of these documents was produced, I believe that the document that Juan Gines de Sepulveda wrote was most persuasive. Some of the natives didnt have a problem with this, They showed the same readiness to comply with Cortess wishes when he desired them to do away with their diols and human sacrifices (Castillo pg., When the land was received, the settlers wanted control over the Indians and had attempted to convert Indians to Christianity (After the Mayflower). Quoted in Mcllwain, op. Casas supports his argument and beliefs with the Christian faith and the beliefs of the church. 4 (1992): 34771CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Zavala, Silvio, La filosofa poltica en la conquista de Amrica (Mxico: Fondo de Cultura Econmica, 1947)Google Scholar; Beuchot, Mauricio, Los fundamentos de los derechos humanos en Bartolom de las Casas (Barcelona: Editorial Anthropos, 1994).Google Scholar, 32 In claiming Las Casas is less tolerant than commonly portrayed, I draw attention to the fact that his arguments contain elements of inegalitarianism as opposed to unlimited respect for the Other, and that these elements contributed to solidifying the legitimacy of this assimilationist tolerance of the Other in Modernity. The argument of Juan Gines de Sepulveda is that of negative feedback to what was experienced in the first encounter of the Spaniards and American Indians in the Sixteenth Century. Anasazi; they were forced to abandon it and the region was taken over by another tribe in the west. The Indians however, refused to convert to Christianity. 1290b35-40. 5. Hostname: page-component-75cd96bb89-zncjs for this article. Corts was in the right trying to convert the natives as a way to stop these horrendous acts and to bring them closer to God. Las Casas came to Hispaniola, in the Caribbean, in 1502 with a land grant, ready to seek his fortune. Considerations of space, of course, rule out the possibility of undertaking here a detailed scrutiny of the foundations upon which those ideas rest. So it was that the most powerful man, Charles V, leader of the most powerful nation in the world, Spain, suspended all wars of conquest until a group of intellectuals grappled with the morality of Spain's presence and . In fact, the indigenous population of Hispaniola, the island where Columbus landed, reduced from 250,000 to 15,000 in two decades due to the war and forced labor. Grand Rapids, Mi: William B Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1997. On the problem of expressing sixteenth-century ideas in Latin see The same Castrillo, however, when describing the dismal and evil manner in which in his own corrupt world greed keeps justice, faith, peace, and virtue in bondage, he uses the word esclavas. Briefly describe ONE important difference between Sepulveda's and de Las Casas's historical interpretations of the nature of Native Americans and their treatment at the hands of the Spanish. Sepulveda argued against Las Casas on behalf of the colonists' property rights. K.D. As a young man, Las Casas had sailed with one of the first Spanish expeditions to the West Indies in 1502. He does not comprehend how the Indians can be slaves to their King and still have to pay taxes when Spaniards have rule over their own lands. The Spaniards see human sacrifice as an evil act upon another human being, but Bartolome believes that the death of an innocent is better than the destruction of an entire kingdom. It is seen as unnatural to cause war against the Indians for that particular reason. By clicking "SEND", you agree to our terms of service and privacy policy. Modern politics is at times a balancing act between universal claims about the human (equal rights, dignity, and respect) and political actions which may seem to violate these claims (torture, just wars, repudiation of certain cultural practices, tacit discrimination). 2014. So when a group of Africans banded together to murder slave owners, although cruel and inhumane, some could justify it as equality. A humane, sensitive priest, he was soon repelled by his countrymen's treatment of the native peoples of the New World. What did Coronado say about gold in the west after wandering around the region 3 years? The reason the alliance with the new comers was made was for help, but that had been forgotten. See the letter in which Seplveda dedicates the Democrates alter to Luis de Mendoza, Count of Tendilla. On StuDocu you find all the lecture notes, summaries and study guides you need to pass your exams with better grades. Las Casas has been called the "father of anti-imperialism and anti-racism," and he greatly influenced the drive to abolish the Spanish encomienda system. 2 Well, we are talking about two Spaniards that had a totally different conception about Native American Indians. Losada, A., Epistolario de Juan Gins de Seplveda (Madrid, 1966), Letter 53.Google Scholar. Europeans believed that this would not be a problem, as they believed the Natives wanted to be cleansed of their sins and their savage practice of human, Those who would take up the side against Sepulveda would claim the only thing the Spanish were spreading was death as the natives resisted the Catholicism. Explain the meaning of the underlined word, and point out the context clues in the sentence that helped you guess the meaning. They were performing private rituals when Coronado's men bulled right into the Zunis land. Historian Anthony Pagden states that the Hapsburg court had appointed itself as the guardian of universal Christendom. Newman, W. L., The Politics of Aristotle (2 vols., Oxford, 1887), vol. 3. The most renowned participants in these discussions were Bartolom de las Casas and Francisco de Vitoria. Okech, David What happened to this civilization? Brian Tierney, The Idea of Natural Rights: Studies on Natural Rights, Natural Law, and Church Law 1150-1625. Company, 1997, Seplveda acknowledges the supremacy of Law in social and political life helped! Did the Zunis attacked the Spanish as the guardian of universal Christendom to the... Do it Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( Summer 2010 Edition ), vol on StuDocu you find all the notes... Historia ( 4 vols., Oxford, 1887 ), Edward N. Zalta ( ed ( de convenientia milharis..., Madrid, 1780 ), vol these discussions were Bartolom de Casas... 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