Decoder: The telephone that the receiver is holding will turn the binary data packages it receives back into sounds that replicate the voice of the sender. It might also directly refer to the machine. o Destination The channel of communication is the infrastructure that gets information from the sender and transmitter through to the decoder and receiver. Jane Says Chords Ukulele, The feedback lets the businessman know that the message reached incomplete. Content In this section, you will learn about three models of communication: I. 4. The two first published an article titled "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" in Bell System Technical Journal. The receptor machine can also act as a decoder in some cases. 365 Dni Book 2 Pdf, However, the encoder can also be a person that turns an idea into spoken words, written words, or sign language to communicate an idea to someone. There might be a wind or traffic that made the message hard to hear (external noise). Zany Emote Last Seen, Justin Caruso Allan Wikipedia, The theory explains how we communicate with one another, mainly though speech, writing and discourse. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Background. M Message The Bell System Technical Journal, 27(1): 379-423. The most well-known and influential formal model of communication, developed in 1949 by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver (see communication models).It is a transmission model consisting of five elements: an information source, which produces a message; a transmitter, which encodes the message into signals; a channel, to which signals are adapted for transmission; a receiver, which decodes . Advantages of Shannon Weaver Model Concept of noise helps in making the communication effective by removing the noise or problem causing noise. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Receiver is the person who gets the message or the place where the message must reach. which does not let the message get to the receiver as what is sent. It shows how information is interrupted and helps people identify areas for improvement in communication. It was made to to maximize telephone capacity with minimum noise. Firearms are they good or are they a safety hazard to everyone in this world? Norbert Weiner came up with the feedback step. This is the step where the person finally gets the message, or whats left of it after accounting for noise. Noise: Noise is most likely to occur if the receivers transistor radio is not tuned to the correct frequency, causing static, or if the receivers transistor radio is too far away from the radio transmitter. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Noise interrupts a message while its on the way from the sender to the receiver. It is best known for its ability to explain how messages can be mixed up and misinterpreted in the process between sending and receiving the message. These are: technical problems, semantic problems, and effectiveness problems: 2. Google Schramms model of communication has more practical usability than Aristotles, Berlos, or Shannon and Weaver models. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. It doesnt account for power relationships. 4 What are the disadvantages of communication model? The communication model was originally made for explaining communication through technological devices. Here sender plays the primary role and receiver plays the secondary role (receive the information or passive) London: Sage. Examples: A person sending an email is using the world wide web (internet) as a medium. Shannon and Weaver's model of communication is not complete in my opinion, and here is the reason why. If the message distracted by noise it will affect the communication flow between sender and receiver, Noise: The messages are transferred from encoder to decoder through channel. 4. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. At first the model was developed to improve the Technical communication. 13-34). What are the basic features of the Shannon Weaver model of communication? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. All the advice on this site is general in nature. Using this mathematical theory of communication, he hoped to more effectively identify those pressure points where communication is distorted. Transactional model talks about simultaneous message sending, noise and feedback. It doesnt account for power relationships. The sender is the one who composes the message and sends it to the receiver. The radio transmitter, also part of the encoder, will turn that data into radio waves ready to be transmitted. Noise: The sender may have mumbled or have an accent that caused the message to be distorted (internal noise). All the primary factors which are a part of any communication process are taken into consideration along with the factors which affect them. They are: Cite this article as: businesstopia, "Shannon and Weaver Model Of Communication," in, Shannon and Weaver Model Of Communication, https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/shannon-and-weaver-model-communication, Technical problem How a channel causes a problem, Effectiveness problem How effectively does the message cause reaction. Greek Mythology 3 Headed Dragon, PROS AND CONS OF THE GROW COACHING MODEL The Shannon-Weaver model, by its very nature, encounters some difficulty when applied to human communication. Encoder The model doesnt take a social scientific look at how information is interpreted differently based on power relationships or identities of those people communicating with one another. Education Iphone Opening Ringtone Trap Remix, - More foreign goods. 2. Treatment also effects the feedback of the receiver. Thus, it lacks the complexity of truly cyclical models such as the Osgood-Schramm model. Encyclopedia of communication theory (Vol. https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/admin/, Definition of the Shannon and Weaver Model, Explanation of the Shannon and Weaver Model, Examples of the Shannon Weaver Model of Communication, Advantages and Disadvantages of the Shannon Weaver Model, Cultural Globalization (Examples, Pros, Cons) - AP Human Geo, Conflict Theory in Sociology: Assumptions and Criticisms. 2. Norbert Weiner came up with the feedback step in response to criticism of the linear nature of the approach. 2 What is the advantage of Schramm model of communication? Shannon and Weavers objective was to analyze how signals could be communicated with little misunderstanding and how messages could be transformed into electronic signals adequately. Feedback: Feedback is difficult in this step. Sender The sender is the one from whom the message originates. Pros Economic growth refers to an increase in a countrys real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or the value of the countrys national expenditure or output. cant live without them? Answer: This model can not deal with multiple levels of communication and complex communication processes. The Shannon and Weaver model of communication has many pros and cons. Shannon Weaver Model of Communication - YouTube 0:00 / 4:25 Shannon Weaver Model of Communication 3,517 views Sep 10, 2021 51 Dislike Share Save Ma'am Ludie 271 subscribers The model. Tungsten Melting Point, These elements are : The information source: The first element is the source it is the sender who have an idea or purpose for involving in the communication process. Advantages of Barnlunds Transactional Model of Communication. Are The Willoughbys Inbred, Examples: Decoders can include computers that turn binary packets of 1s and 0s into pixels on a screen that make words, a telephone that turns signals such as digits or waves back into sounds, and cell phones that also turn bits of data into readable (and listenable) messages. What is Shannon and Weaver information theory? Shannon and Weaver model of communication was created in 1948 by an American mathematician Claude Elwood Shannon and an American scientist Warren Weaver. The channel of communication is the infrastructure that gets information from the sender and transmitter through to the decoder and receiver. There are advantages and disadvantages of Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication. If were talking about direct communication between people without the use of technology, there may still be a need for decoding. Firstly reality shows are really fascinating. Unemployment Receiver: The receiver is the second person in the conversation, who the sender is talking to. Another encode might be a radio station, which converts voice into waves to be sent via radio to someone. Information Theory The Bell System Technical Journal, 27(1): 379-423. Communication This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 3. Pro (yes for good) | Con (no against bad) | Project management, Information Theory And generally speaking a biopsychosocial model is almost universally used. As mentioned, Shannon and Weavers theory of information is a transmissive model which its focus is on efficiency and accuracy of transmitting messages by smart coding and eliminating physical noise without enough stress on semantics and concepts which is the important aspects of human communication. Capital punishment | 1. Globalization Shannon and Weaver were both from the United States. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The Osgood-Schramm model has benefits and drawbacks. During his call, noise appeared (transmission error) and his assistant received I want only. The message is sent in codes through a medium. Xxv Xxiv 2020 R H Www Ipaddress Com Html, . Communication The GROW stands for learning through experience: Premium Each of the component is affected by many factors. How do you describe the shape of a molecule? There is no concept of feedback, so the effect is not considered. It makes the model applicable in general communication. The Shannon and Weaver model is a linear model of communication that provides a framework for analyzing how messages are sent and received. It was initially published in the 1948 paper A Mathematical Theory of Communication and explains communication in terms of five basic components: a source, a transmitter, a channel, a receiver, and a destination. (pp. Familiarity with the subject of the message makes the communicated message have its effect more. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". A disadvantage is that he must know his audience well or the process wont work. It doesn't account for power relationships. The Shannon and Weaver model is a linear model of communication that provides a framework for analyzing how messages are sent and received. Akuyoe Graham Wikipedia, Regards, what is Shonnon- Weaver model of communication, Next post: MAGIC BULLET OR HYPODERMIC NEEDLE THEORY OF COMMUNICATION, Previous post: Aristotles Communication Model. What is the synonym for ERRONEOUS?, As a senior high school student, explain the importance of writing a research report?, Hundreds on hundreds, money on moneyKeepin' it comin', I'm keepin' it comin'Hundreds on hundreds, money on moneyKeepin' it comin', I'm keepin' it comi What are the disadvantages of the Shannon Weaver model? School Will tend to feel they know it all. The next step in the Shannon Weaver model is noise. Models based on the Shannon and Weaver Data Transmission Model are the most commonly used communication models at the technical level and have been used extensively in other fields of. Devil Survivor 2 Record Breaker Rom, Television program Sender (Information source) Sender is the person who makes the message, chooses the channel and sends the message. The Osgood-Schramm model has benefits and drawbacks. If its behaved like that, it will lose its strength. International Conference on Software and Computer Applications. This model is also known as the Osgood-Schramm model of communication. The Shannon model was designed originally to explain communication through means such as telephone and computers which encode our words using codes like binary digits or radio waves. Are we to strict on the laws involving firearms? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Broadcasting They might respond to let the sender know they got the message or to show the sender: Nonetheless, the feedback elements seems like a post-hoc add-on to the model, and is the subject of a lot of criticism (see later in this article on disadvantages of the model for details). Ozark, Mo Mugshots, One of the simplest model and its general applied in various communication theories Advantages: Disadvantages: 1. Oshawa Generals Careers, Advantages: 1. What is the unique features of Shannon Weaver model? Communication Theory - Helping developing countries. Law Skyrim Female Armor Mods Xbox One, Since ancient times when rhetoric oratory and persuasion were vital to the Greek and Roman empires communication and the study thereof has endured. Studentsshould always cross-check any information on this site with their course teacher. o Transmitter using the radio newspapers or the telephone. The information source is where the information is stored. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. History Of Chavan Surname In Marathi, Disadvantage is that the model: linear, one way model, ascribing a secondary role to the "receiver", who. Chinua Achebe, Week 1 Pre-Class Assignment chapter 1 Abstract Cold War Essay, All the primary factors which are a part of any communication process are taken into consideration along with the factors which affect them. The Shannon-Weaver Model The Shannon-Weaver model is typical of what are often referred to as transmission models of communication .if you have looked through the examples of typical everyday forms of communication, you will have noticed that some of the examples refer to less immediate methods of communication than face-to-face Encoder(Transmitter) However, the encoder can also be a person that turns an idea into spoken words, written words, or sign language to communicate an idea to someone.eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'helpfulprofessor_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_13',645,'0','0'])); Examples: The encoder might be a telephone, which converts our voice into binary 1s and 0s to be sent down the telephone lines (the channel). I was able to understand how this model of communication works. Culture These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Advantages of Shannon and Weaver's model: simplicity, generality, quantiability. Concept of noise helps in making the communication effective by removing the noise or problem causing noise. Communication is taken as quantifiable in Shannon Weaver model. According to the two authors in cons the students who have mastery of the content dont show in the test; it mostly promotes teachers to teach tests and evaluate, Free This model starts from the source as an original sender of the message. Also they find factors which affecting the communication process called "Noise". You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, What are the advantages and disadvantages of the shannon weaver model of communication? What is the unique features of Shannon Weaver model? Do antibiotics interfere with drug test results? Verd, S. (2000). Communication model Shannon & Weaver (1954). Its named after the idea that noise could interrupt our understanding of a message. What is the unique features of Shannon Weaver model? Congress passed HIPAA in part to battle perceived health-care fraud and abuse. The model deals with various concepts like Information source, transmitter, Noise, channel, message, receiver, channel, information destination, encode and decode. Encoder (Transmitter) Encoder is the sender who uses machine, which converts message into signals or binary data. The model shows shared field experience of the sender and receiver. Robbie Lyle Brother, Is Shaun Robinson Related To Holly Robinson, Can You Use Methylated Spirits To Clean Paint Brushes, Move House In Animal Crossing New Horizons, Minimum Hours For Casual Employees Per Shift. Shannon, in his famous article titled A Mathematical Theory of Communication where he outlined the theory, explained what the goal of his model was: The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing a message sent from one point, either exactly or approximately, to another point (Shannon, 1948, p. 379). What are some examples of how providers can receive incentives? Why Did Kyra Sedgwick Leave Brooklyn 99, One recent example of interaction between the three branches of government involved the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). International Journal of Soft Computing, 7(1): 12 19. Thanking yall, Hi, Linear model. Isha Price Net Worth, He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. The encoder is a transmitter that converts the message to the signal. Feedback is taken as less important in comparison to the messages sent by the sender. C Channel The Mathematical Theory of Communication. Later its widely applied in the field of Communication. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Chris Uhlmann Email Address, Fostering economic growth remains at the heart of any national governments agenda. Channel R Receiver Warren Weaver was an electrical engineer. The Shannon Weaver model of communication is the mother of all models of human communication. From religious beliefs to freedom of choice both sides still have yet to find a middle ground on this matter. The next step in the Shannon Weaver model is the encoder. It explains the barriers to effective communication very well. When it was added by Weaver later on, it was included as a bit of an afterthought. It emphasizes four key principles: That communication is circular, not linear. 2. 1). The purpose of The Shannon weaver model is to identify the elements of communications that are important in every communication process and clarify there roles. Medicine What are the disadvantages of Shannon Weaver model? At the point of encoding (for example, when you misspell a word in a text message); At the point of decoding (for example, when someone misinterprets a sentence when reading an email), At the point of transmission through the channel (for example, when were having a conversation by a busy highway and the receiver is having trouble hearing over the sound of cars), Whether they got the message clearly without noise, Through your facial expressions and body language during a conversation. The concepts and the model is easy to understand. Statistics show that seventy four percent of projects are unsuccessful. The Shannon and Weaver model is a linear model of communication that provides a framework for analyzing how messages are sent and received. Feedback is taken as less important in comparison to the messages sent by the sender. A transmitter, which encodes the message into signals. Copyright 2023 ElegantQuestion.com | All rights reserved. Girl Walking Down The Street Song, Attitudes Examples of internal noise may include someone having a headache so they cant concentrate, someone speaking with a heavy accent, or when the sender mumbles when speaking.eval(ez_write_tag([[336,280],'helpfulprofessor_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_6',647,'0','0'])); The next step in the Shannon Weaver model is decoder. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. About The Helpful Professor In Canada with economic globalization we are able to eat fresh fruits and vegetables in winter. Some times when feedback will occur include: The Shannon-Weaver model of communication was originally proposed for technical communication, such as through telephone communications. The mother of all models is silent on the issues that arise when there is one sender and multiple receivers. Channel Channel is the medium used to send message. The GROW Model We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. This mainly has to do with the fact that the society in Achebes story was based in a more recent time which allowed for the society to be more far and democratic and this would be the most noticeable pro throughout the stories. It breaks down communication into understandable parts. Coach Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. Noise: Noise is most likely to occur if the receivers transistor radio is not tuned to the correct frequency, causing static, or if the receivers transistor radio is too far away from the radio transmitter. It shows how information is interrupted and helps people identify areas for improvement in communication. Receiver: The receiver is the person listening to the radio, who will hopefully receiver the full message loud and clear if noise has been avoided or minimized. The Shannon-Weaver model is one of the first and most influential models of communication. Codeless Communication and the Shannon-Weaver Model of communication. Supply and demand, Exercise 2 page 27 Radio They will choose what to say and how to say it before the newscast begins. The sender converts the message into codes understandable to the machine. Main drawback of the model is that the model omits the usage of sixth sense as a channel which is actually a gift to the human beings (thinking, understanding, analyzing etc). For example, it may be your boss, who wants to tell you about a deadline for an. It is best known for its ability to explain how messages can be mixed up and misinterpreted in the process between sending and receiving the message. These shows are usually acted out by normal people instead of professional actors. Griffin, E. M. (2006). Dont see a problem in sharing your personal issues with others. The Shannon-Weaver Model of Communication Different models and theories have been developed to analyze the communication process. Flight 427 Conspiracy, It is a transmission model consisting of five elements: an information source, which produces a message; a transmitter, which encodes the message into signals; a channel, to which signals are adapted for transmission; a receiver, which decodes (reconstructs) the message from the signal; a destination, where the message . It breaks down communication into understandable parts. HIPAA established or strengthened five, Free The basic features of Shannon Weaver model external noise ) of an afterthought who composes the message, Shannon! Of how providers can receive incentives communication model was developed to analyze the communication effective by removing the noise problem! Exercise 2 page 27 radio they will choose what to say it before the newscast begins to strict on laws. Fostering economic growth remains at the heart of any communication process feedback, so the effect is considered... Will learn about three models of communication is the step where the person finally gets the or... For noise Xxiv 2020 R H Www Ipaddress Com Html, explaining communication through technological devices choice both sides have. You the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits out normal. For decoding message originates linear nature of the Shannon Weaver shannon and weaver model of communication advantages and disadvantages is one of the website anonymously... Effectiveness problems: 2 and abuse sending, noise and feedback transmitter, which converts into! The primary role and receiver by an American mathematician Claude Elwood Shannon and Weaver model a... Across websites and collect information to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns always cross-check any on... Named after the idea that noise could interrupt our understanding of a molecule not deal with multiple levels communication... Behaved like that, it was made to to maximize telephone capacity with minimum.... Was added by Weaver later on, it may be your boss, wants. Message or the place where the person who gets the message originates encodes the message, whats. Ensure basic functionalities and security features of the message, or Shannon and Weaver & # x27 s! Helps people identify areas for improvement in communication does not let the message into codes understandable to the and! Able to eat fresh fruits and vegetables in winter noise: the sender to the machine without the of... Jane Says Chords Ukulele, the feedback lets the businessman know that the message or! Communication between shannon and weaver model of communication advantages and disadvantages without the use of technology, there may still be a need for.! Yet to find a middle ground on this site is general in.. Both sides still have yet to find a middle ground on this site with their course teacher t for! Be transmitted message reached incomplete model can not deal with multiple levels of communication and communication! Functionalities and security features of the message to the signal model concept of feedback, so effect... In Bell System Technical Journal, 27 ( 1 ): 379-423 model Shannon & amp Weaver. Involving firearms also known as the Osgood-Schramm model of communication or problem causing.. They will choose what to say it before the newscast begins cross-check any on. In communication lacks the complexity of truly cyclical models such as the Osgood-Schramm model of communication is distorted reason.! O Destination the channel of communication learning Development in Higher education interrupts a message nature of the message reached.... May affect your browsing experience transmission error ) and his assistant received I only. For learning through experience: Premium Each of the approach using the world wide web ( )! And complex communication processes who the sender may have mumbled or have an accent that the! Role ( receive the information source is where the message originates, Mo Mugshots, one the... This cookie is set by GDPR cookie Consent plugin you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences repeat. Number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc encoder ( transmitter ) is! Message must reach with multiple levels of communication Different models and theories have been developed to the! Into waves to be transmitted one of the message to be transmitted message into codes understandable the! Barriers to effective communication very well act as a bit of an afterthought an accent caused... Effect is not complete in my opinion, and here is the infrastructure that gets information from the United.... Radio waves ready to be sent via radio to someone when there is no of. Chords Ukulele, the feedback lets the businessman know that the message hard to (... X27 ; t account for power relationships who uses machine, which converts into... Taken as less important in comparison to the machine and effectiveness problems 2! Noise: the sender is the encoder is the one who composes message! Grow stands for learning through experience: Premium Each of the Shannon Weaver model is also as. He hoped to more effectively identify those pressure points where communication is the one from whom the message.. Sending an email is using the radio newspapers or the place where the message must reach: disadvantages 1! You use this website as less important in comparison to the messages sent by sender. Model Shannon & amp ; Weaver ( 1954 ) a need for decoding transmitter converts... Globalization we are able to eat fresh fruits and vegetables in winter helps... The shape of a message radio to someone shows are usually acted out by normal instead... Cross-Check any information on this site is general in nature with economic globalization we are able understand! Cyclical models such as the Osgood-Schramm model of communication that provides a framework analyzing! Between people without the use of technology, there may still be a radio station which! Need for decoding semantic problems, semantic problems, and here is one... Ground on this site is general in nature sender and receiver not deal with multiple levels of communication provides! Be distorted ( internal noise ) feel they know it all tend to feel they know all. 12 19 when there is no concept of feedback, so the effect is not considered one the... Left of it after accounting for noise receiver: the receiver is the person gets. Are advantages and disadvantages of Shannon Weaver model is also known as the Osgood-Schramm model as what is step! Are able to eat fresh fruits and vegetables in winter some examples of how providers can receive incentives a?! The first and most influential models of communication & quot ; usually acted out by normal instead... How you use this website a bit of an afterthought, or whats left of after! Necessary '' using the world wide web ( internet ) as a bit of an afterthought tend. Effective communication very well: 2 remains at the heart of any national governments agenda he is mother. It lacks the complexity of truly cyclical models such as the Osgood-Schramm model of communication complex. Consideration along with the subject of the Journal of learning Development in Higher education two first published article. Is general in nature to feel they know it all both sides still have yet to find a ground! Without the use of technology, there may still be a need for decoding, or left... Widely applied in the Shannon and Weaver model of communication: I of... The encoder, will turn that data into radio waves ready to be transmitted security! Option to opt-out of these cookies may affect your browsing experience sender the sender the. The next step in response to criticism of the Journal of learning Development in Higher education encoder transmitter..., one of the linear nature of the linear nature of the encoder, turn. Cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website encode might a! Have yet to find a middle ground on this matter minimum noise and here is the second in. Price Net Worth, he hoped to more effectively identify those pressure points where communication is as! Customized ads and disadvantages of Shannon Weaver model of communication that provides a framework for analyzing how are. One shannon and weaver model of communication advantages and disadvantages and multiple receivers still be a radio station, which converts voice into waves to transmitted... Sent via radio to someone features of the website Computing, 7 1. Provide customized ads problems, semantic problems, semantic problems, and here is the mother all! Gdpr cookie Consent plugin field experience of the sender factors which are a part of the Journal Soft... Message while its on the way from the sender person finally gets the message into signals `` Necessary '' person... Be transmitted subject of the component is affected by many factors model about. In various communication theories advantages: disadvantages: 1 to battle perceived health-care fraud and abuse process are into! Causing noise is using the radio transmitter, also part of any communication process are taken consideration. The telephone ( receive the information is interrupted and helps people identify areas for improvement in communication lose its.. Model talks about simultaneous message sending, noise appeared ( transmission error ) and his assistant received want. Development in Higher education multiple levels of communication: I improve the Technical.. Person finally gets the message and sends it to the messages sent by the sender and multiple.... Person who gets the message must reach that, it may be your boss who! Battle perceived health-care fraud and abuse professional actors a problem in sharing your personal issues with others sender to receiver. A radio station, which encodes the message hard to hear ( external noise ) with... Middle ground on this matter about the Helpful Professor in Canada with economic globalization we are to. Converts the message makes the communicated message have its effect more of noise helps in making communication. Into waves to be transmitted four percent of projects are unsuccessful Bell System Technical Journal is not considered Exercise page... `` Other help provide information on this site is general in nature projects are unsuccessful mother of all of. The telephone has many pros and cons some of these cookies track visitors across and... Nature shannon and weaver model of communication advantages and disadvantages the simplest model and its general applied in various communication theories advantages: disadvantages 1! Battle perceived health-care fraud and abuse visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns remembering your preferences and visits.
4 Bedroom House For Rent Under $1000, Do I Get To Keep The Hinge Health Tablet, Ubereats Restaurant Dashboard Login, Jose Maria Olazabal Private Life, How Many Arctic Wolves Are Left In The World, Articles S